Making almost commuting matrices commute

DOI10.1007/S00220-009-0877-2MaRDI QIDQ1048110zbMATH OpenOpenAlexFDO

Authors M. B. Hastings

Publication date 11 January 2010

Published in Communications in Mathematical Physics (Search for Journal in Brave)

Full work available at URL https://arxiv.org/abs/0808.2474

zbMATH Keywords

Hermitian matricesquantum measurementcommuting operatorsalmost commutative matricesconstruction of closest commutative matrices

Mathematics Subject Classification ID

Hermitian, skew-Hermitian, and related matrices (15B57) General (adjoints, conjugates, products, inverses, domains, ranges, etc.) (47A05) Quantum measurement theory, state operations, state preparations (81P15) Commutativity of matrices (15A27)

Abstract: Suppose two Hermitian matrices $A,B$ almost commute ($Vert[A,B]Vertleqdelta$). Are they close to a commuting pair of Hermitian matrices, $A^{\prime },B^{\prime }$, with $VertA-A^{\prime }Vert,VertB-B^{\prime }Vertleqepsilon$? A theorem of H. Lin shows that this is uniformly true, in that for every $epsilon>0$ there exists a $delta>0$, independent of the size $N$ of the matrices, for which almost commuting implies being close to a commuting pair. However, this theorem does not specify how $delta$ depends on $epsilon$. We give uniform bounds relating $delta$ and $epsilon$. We provide tighter bounds in the case of block tridiagonal and tridiagonal matrices and a fully constructive method in that case. Within the context of quantum measurement, this implies an algorithm to construct a basis in which we can make a {it projective} measurement that approximately measures two approximately commuting operators simultaneously. Finally, we comment briefly on the case of approximately measuring three or more approximately commuting operators using POVMs (positive operator-valued measures) instead of projective measurements.

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Cited in

(25)

• A counterexample to a problem on commuting matrices
• Two results in the quantum theory of measurements
• Distance to normal elements in \(C^\ast\)-algebras of real rank zero
• Stationarity of quantum statistical ensembles at first-order phase transition points
• Topological insulators and \(C^{*}\)-algebras: theory and numerical practice
• Minimizer Extraction in Polynomial Optimization Is Robust
• Almost commuting orthogonal matrices
• Poisson brackets and symplectic invariants
• On the relation between an operator and its self-commutator
• Malnormal matrices
• Statistical ensembles for phase coexistence states specified by noncommutative additive observables
• Complex-time singularity and locality estimates for quantum lattice systems
• Approximating macroscopic observables in quantum spin systems with commuting matrices
• \(K\)-theory and pseudospectra for topological insulators
• Almost commuting matrices, localized Wannier functions, and the quantum Hall effect
• Almost commuting matrices with respect to the rank metric
• Approximate symmetries of Hamiltonians
• Almost commuting unitaries with spectral gap are near commuting unitaries
• On renormalization and the local gap method for proving frustration-free local spin chains are gapped
• Asymptotically decreasing Lieb-Robinson velocity for a class of dissipative quantum dynamics
• Randomized Joint Diagonalization of Symmetric Matrices
• Matrix commutators: their asymptotic metric properties and relation to approximate joint diagonalization
• Almost Commuting Matrices Need not be Nearly Commuting
• Optimal commuting approximation of Hermitian operators
• Almost commuting Hermitian matrices.

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