Making almost commuting matrices commute

DOI10.1007/S00220-009-0877-2MaRDI QIDQ1048110zbMATH OpenOpenAlexFDO

Authors M. B. Hastings

Publication date 11 January 2010

Published in Communications in Mathematical Physics (Search for Journal in Brave)

Full work available at URL https://arxiv.org/abs/0808.2474

zbMATH Keywords

almost commutative matricescommuting operatorsconstruction of closest commutative matricesHermitian matricesquantum measurement

Mathematics Subject Classification ID

Commutativity of matrices (15A27) Hermitian, skew-Hermitian, and related matrices (15B57) General (adjoints, conjugates, products, inverses, domains, ranges, etc.) (47A05) Quantum measurement theory, state operations, state preparations (81P15)

Abstract: Suppose two Hermitian matrices $A,B$ almost commute ($Vert[A,B]Vertleqdelta$). Are they close to a commuting pair of Hermitian matrices, $A^{\prime },B^{\prime }$, with $VertA-A^{\prime }Vert,VertB-B^{\prime }Vertleqepsilon$? A theorem of H. Lin shows that this is uniformly true, in that for every $epsilon>0$ there exists a $delta>0$, independent of the size $N$ of the matrices, for which almost commuting implies being close to a commuting pair. However, this theorem does not specify how $delta$ depends on $epsilon$. We give uniform bounds relating $delta$ and $epsilon$. We provide tighter bounds in the case of block tridiagonal and tridiagonal matrices and a fully constructive method in that case. Within the context of quantum measurement, this implies an algorithm to construct a basis in which we can make a {it projective} measurement that approximately measures two approximately commuting operators simultaneously. Finally, we comment briefly on the case of approximately measuring three or more approximately commuting operators using POVMs (positive operator-valued measures) instead of projective measurements.

Review text

It is shown that for every \(\varepsilon > 0\) there exists a \(\delta > 0\) such that for two Hermitian almost commutative \(N\)-by-\(N\) matrices satisfying \(\| {[A,B]} \| \leqslant \delta \), two Hermitian exactly commutative \(N\)-by-\(N\) matrices \(A',B'\) satisfying \(\|A - A'\| \leqslant \varepsilon (\delta ),\) \(\|B - B'\| \leqslant \varepsilon (\delta)\) may be explicitly constructed, which enable to give lower bounds on how small \(\delta\) must be in order to obtain a given error \(\varepsilon\). Tighter bounds in the case of block tridiagonal and tridiagonal matrices are provided. Finally, the application of the proposed construction to operators which arise in various quantum systems is presented and discussed.

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Cited in

(30)

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