Markov Categories and Entropy
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Enriched categories (over closed or monoidal categories) (18D20) Categories of networks and processes, compositionality (18M35) Axioms; other general questions in probability (60A05) Graphical methods in statistics (62A09) Semantics in the theory of computing (68Q55) Measures of information, entropy (94A17)
Abstract: Markov categories are a novel framework to describe and treat problems in probability and information theory. In this work we combine the categorical formalism with the traditional quantitative notions of entropy, mutual information, and data processing inequalities. We show that several quantitative aspects of information theory can be captured by an enriched version of Markov categories, where the spaces of morphisms are equipped with a divergence or even a metric. As it is customary in information theory, mutual information can be defined as a measure of how far a joint source is from displaying independence of its components. More strikingly, Markov categories give a notion of determinism for sources and channels, and we can define entropy exactly by measuring how far a source or channel is from being deterministic. This recovers Shannon and R'enyi entropies, as well as the Gini-Simpson index used in ecology to quantify diversity, and it can be used to give a conceptual definition of generalized entropy.
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