Mathematical pendulum model (small angle, damp)

continuous-space model	continuous-time model	deterministic model	dimensional model	dynamic model	linear model	mathematical model

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this model describes damped oscillations of an idealized pendulum with friction

mathematical pendulum (initial condition)	$ϕ (t = 0) = ϕ_{0}$	initial condition
	$ϕ$ represents pendular amplitude
	$t$ represents time
	$ϕ_{0}$ represents pendular amplitude (initial value)

mathematical pendulum equation (small angle, damped)	$\ddot{ϕ} + 2 κ \dot{ϕ} + \frac{g}{ℓ} ϕ = 0$
	$ϕ$ represents pendular amplitude
	$g$ represents gravitational acceleration
	$ℓ$ represents length of pendulum
	$κ$ represents damping coefficient

mathematical pendulum solution (small angle, damped)	$ϕ (t) = ϕ_{0} \exp (- κ t) \cos (\sqrt{\frac{g}{ℓ}} t)$
	$ϕ$ represents pendular amplitude
	$ϕ_{0}$ represents pendular amplitude (initial value)
	$t$ represents time
	$g$ represents gravitational acceleration
	$ℓ$ represents length of pendulum
	$κ$ represents damping coefficient