Maximal norm Hankel operators

Abstract: A Hankel operator

m a t h b f H_{v} a r p h i

on the Hardy space

H^{2}

of the unit circle with analytic symbol

v a r p h i

has minimal norm if

| m a t h b f H_{v} a r p h i | = | v a r p h i |_{2}

and maximal norm if

| m a t h b f H_{v} a r p h i | = | v a r p h i |_{i} n f t y

. The Hankel operator

m a t h b f H_{v} a r p h i

has both minimal and maximal norm if and only if

| v a r p h i |

is constant almost everywhere on the unit circle or, equivalently, if and only if

v a r p h i

is a constant multiple of an inner function. We show that if

m a t h b f H_{v} a r p h i

is norm-attaining and has maximal norm, then

m a t h b f H_{v} a r p h i

has minimal norm. If

| v a r p h i |

is continuous but not constant, then

m a t h b f H_{v} a r p h i

has maximal norm if and only if the set at which

| v a r p h i | = | v a r p h i |_{i n f t y}

has nonempty intersection with the spectrum of the inner factor of

v a r p h i

. We obtain further results illustrating that the case of maximal norm is in general related to "irregular" behavior of

l o g | v a r p h i |

or the argument of

v a r p h i

near a "maximum point" of

| v a r p h i |

. The role of certain positive functions coined apical Helson--SzegH{o} weights is discussed in the former context.

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