Measuring quasiperiodicity
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Ergodic theorems, spectral theory, Markov operators (37A30) Periodic and quasi-periodic flows and diffeomorphisms (37C55) Perturbations of finite-dimensional Hamiltonian systems, normal forms, small divisors, KAM theory, Arnol'd diffusion (37J40) Computational methods for ergodic theory (approximation of invariant measures, computation of Lyapunov exponents, entropy, etc.) (37M25) Dynamical systems in classical and celestial mechanics (37N05)
Abstract: The Birkhoff Ergodic Theorem asserts under mild conditions that Birkhoff averages (i.e. time averages computed along a trajectory) converge to the space average. For sufficiently smooth systems, our small modification of numerical Birkhoff averages significantly speeds the convergence rate for quasiperiodic trajectories -- by a factor of for 30-digit precision arithmetic, making it a useful computational tool for autonomous dynamical systems. Many dynamical systems and especially Hamiltonian systems are a complex mix of chaotic and quasiperiodic behaviors, and chaotic trajectories near quasiperiodic points can have long near-quasiperiodic transients. Our method can help determine which initial points are in a quasiperiodic set and which are chaotic. We use our {�f weighted Birkhoff average} to study quasiperiodic systems, to distinguishing between chaos and quasiperiodicity, and for computing rotation numbers for self-intersecting curves in the plane. Furthermore we introduce the Embedding Continuation Method which is a significantly simpler, general method for computing rotation numbers.
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