Minimum Trotterization Formulas for a Time-Dependent Hamiltonian

DOI10.22331/Q-2023-11-06-1168MaRDI QIDQ6420454zbMATH OpenFDO

Authors Tatsuhiko N. Ikeda, Asir Abrar, Isaac L. Chuang, Sho Sugiura

Publication date 13 December 2022

Full work available at URL https://doi.org/10.22331/Q-2023-11-06-1168

Abstract: When a time propagator

e^{d e l t a t A}

for duration

d e l t a t

consists of two noncommuting parts

A = X + Y

, Trotterization approximately decomposes the propagator into a product of exponentials of

X

and

Y

. Various Trotterization formulas have been utilized in quantum and classical computers, but much less is known for the Trotterization with the time-dependent generator

A (t)

. Its difficulty is that the propagator becomes a time-ordered exponential

m a t h c a l T e x p (i n t_{m u - d e l t a t / 2}^{m u + d e l t a t / 2} A (s) d s)

for more than the second-order formula. Here, for

A (t)

given by the sum of two operators

X

and

Y

with time-dependent coefficients

A (t) = x (t) X + y (t) Y

, we obtain a fourth-order Trotterization formula, whose error is

O (d e l t a t^{5})

. The formula consists of seven exponentials of

X

and

Y

, and we prove that there is no fourth-order Trotterization formula with fewer than seven exponentials. Its error consists of the contribution

G a m m a_{5}

known for the time-independent formula plus a new contribution

U p s i l o n_{5}

which is intrinsic to the time dependence of

A (t)

. Finally, we numerically demonstrate that for the Hamiltonian tested our formula has errors as small as the time-dependent fourth-order Suzuki formula involving eleven exponentials.

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