free fall model (air drag)

mathematical model

Available identifiers

mathematical model for the fall of objects, including the aerodynamic drag and assuming a uniform gravitational field

free fall equation (air drag)	$\begin{matrix} \dot{x} & = & v \\ \dot{v} & = & - g + \frac{1}{2 m} ρ C_{D} A v^{2} \end{matrix}$	physical law
	$A$ represents cross section
	$C_{D}$ represents drag coefficient
	$ρ$ represents density of air
	$g$ represents gravitational acceleration
	$m$ represents free fall mass
	$t$ represents time
	$v$ represents free fall velocity
	$x$ represents free fall height

free fall initial condition	$\begin{matrix} x (t = 0) & = & x_{0} \\ v (t = 0) & = & v_{0} \end{matrix}$	initial condition
	$t$ represents time
	$v$ represents free fall velocity
	$v_{0}$ represents free fall initial velocity
	$x$ represents free fall height
	$x_{0}$ represents free fall initial height

free fall solution (air drag)	$\begin{matrix} x (t) & = & x_{0} + v_{0} t - \frac{v_{\infty}^{2}}{g} \ln \cosh (\frac{g t}{v_{\infty}}) \\ v (t) & = & v_{0} + v_{\infty} \tanh (\frac{g t}{v_{\infty}}) \end{matrix}$	analytical solution
	$v_{0}$ represents free fall initial velocity
	$x_{0}$ represents free fall initial height
	$t$ represents time
	$g$ represents gravitational acceleration
	$v_{\infty}$ represents free fall terminal velocity
	$x$ represents free fall height
	$v$ represents free fall velocity

free fall determine time
free fall determine velocity

uniform gravitational acceleration

free fall model (vacuum)	assumes	vanishing air density
free fall model (vacuum)	assumes	vanishing drag coefficient

Item	Property
free fall	specialized by
free fall model (non-uniform gravitation)	specialized by
free fall solution (air drag)	solution to
gravitational effects on fruit	modelled by

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