Model theory of probability spaces

DOI10.1515/9783110768282-005MaRDI QIDQ6058178zbMATH OpenOpenAlexFDO

Authors Alexander Berenstein, C. Ward Henson

Publication date 27 October 2023

Published in Model Theory of Operator Algebras (Search for Journal in Brave)

Full work available at URL https://arxiv.org/abs/2302.01519

zbMATH Keywords

\(\omega\)-stabilitycontinuous logicMaharam invariantsMaharam's theoremmeasure algebrasmetric imaginariesmetric structuresmodel theorymodel-theoretic independenceprobabilistic independencequantifier elimination

Mathematics Subject Classification ID

Quantifier elimination, model completeness, and related topics (03C10) Classification theory, stability, and related concepts in model theory (03C45) Continuous model theory, model theory of metric structures (03C66) Measures on Boolean rings, measure algebras (28A60)

Abstract: This expository paper treats the model theory of probability spaces using the framework of continuous $[0,1]$-valued first order logic. The metric structures discussed, which we call probability algebras, are obtained from probability spaces by identifying two measurable sets if they differ by a set of measure zero. The class of probability algebras is axiomatizable in continuous first order logic; we denote its theory by $Pr$. We show that the existentially closed structures in this class are exactly the ones in which the underlying probability space is atomless. This subclass is also axiomatizable; its theory $APA$ is the model companion of $Pr$. We show that $APA$ is separably categorical (hence complete), has quantifier elimination, is $omega$-stable, and has built-in canonical bases, and we give a natural characterization of its independence relation. For general probability algebras, we prove that the set of atoms (enlarged by adding $0$) is a definable set, uniformly in models of $Pr$. We use this fact as a basis for giving a complete treatment of the model theory of arbitrary probability spaces. The core of this paper is an extensive presentation of the main model theoretic properties of $APA$. We discuss Maharam's structure theorem for probability algebras, and indicate the close connections between the ideas behind it and model theory. We show how probabilistic entropy provides a rank connected to model theoretic forking in probability algebras. In the final section we mention some open problems.

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• Preservation of elementarity by tensor products of tracial von Neumann algebras
• The SB-property on metric structures
• Hyperfinite measure-preserving actions of countable groups and their model theory
• Quantum expanders and quantifier reduction for tracial von Neumann algebras
• Probability modals and infinite domains

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