Multi-parameter Tikhonov regularization -- an augmented approach

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Abstract: We study multi-parameter regularization (multiple penalties) for solving linear inverse problems to promote simultaneously distinct features of the sought-for objects. We revisit a balancing principle for choosing regularization parameters from the viewpoint of augmented Tikhonov regularization, and derive a new parameter choice strategy called the extit{balanced discrepancy principle}. A priori and a posteriori error estimates are provided to theoretically justify the principles, and numerical algorithms for efficiently implementing the principles are also provided. Numerical results on denoising are presented to illustrate the feasibility of the balanced discrepancy principle.


The authors consider multiparameter regularization techniques for solving inverse problems \( Ku^\dagger = g^\dagger \), where \( K: X \to Y \) is a bounded linear operator between Banach spaces \( X \) and \( Y \), and \( g^\dagger \in Y \) denotes the exact data, and \( u^\dagger \in X \) is the unknown exact solution. The considered techniques are based on the minimization of the functional \(J_{\boldsymbol{\eta}}(u) = \phi(u,g^\delta) + \boldsymbol{\eta} \cdot \boldsymbol{\psi}(u) \) over a closed convex set \( \mathcal{C} \subset X \) of feasible solutions, where \( \phi(u,g^\delta) = \tfrac{1}{2}\| K u-g^\delta \|^2 \), and \( g^\delta \in Y \) denote some noisy data. In addition, \( \boldsymbol{\psi}(u) = (\psi_1(u),\psi_2(u))^{t} \in \mathbb{R}_+^2 \) is a vector-valued penalty term, and \( \boldsymbol{\eta} = (\eta_1,\eta_2)^{t} \in \mathbb{R}_+^2 \) is a regularization parameter vector. The first considered parameter choice strategy is a noise-level free balancing principle. It can be written as a minimization problem for the functional \( \Phi_\gamma(\boldsymbol{\eta}) = F(\boldsymbol{\eta})^{\gamma+2}/(\eta_1\eta_2) \), where \( F(\boldsymbol{\eta}) = \inf_{u \in \mathcal{C}} J_{\boldsymbol{\eta}}(u) \), and \( \gamma > 0 \) denotes some parameter. Error estimates are provided for this strategy, with the Bregman distance used when source conditions are available. The estimates are given in terms of \( \max\{\delta, \delta_*\} \), where \( \delta = \| g^\delta - g^\dagger \| \) denotes the noise level, and \( \delta_* = \| K u_{\boldsymbol{\eta}^*}^\delta-g^\delta \| \) is the residual realized by the parameter choice. This balancing principle is considered also in Hilbert spaces, with the special case \( \psi_i(u) = \tfrac{1}{2}\| L_i u\|^2 \), where \( L_i \) denotes a linear operator. Error estimates with respect to a weighted semi-norm defined by \( \| u\|_t^2 = t \| L_1 u\|^2 + (1-t) \| L_2 u\|^2 \) are provided in this case. The second considered parameter choice strategy is the following hybrid balanced discrepancy principle: \( \phi(u_{\boldsymbol{\eta}}^\delta,g^\delta) = \tfrac{1}{2}c_m^2 \delta^2\), \(\eta_1 \psi_1(u_{\boldsymbol{\eta}}^\delta) = \eta_2 \psi_2(u_{\boldsymbol{\eta}}^\delta) \), where \( c_m \geq 1 \) denotes some constant. Error estimates are provided also for this strategy, with the Bregman distance again used when source conditions are available. Finally, results of some numerical experiments are presented.











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