Multi-window STFT phase retrieval: lattice uniqueness

Authors Philipp Grohs, Lukas Liehr, Martin Rathmair

Publication date 21 July 2022

Bergman spaces and Fock spaces (30H20) Hilbert spaces with reproducing kernels (= (proper) functional Hilbert spaces, including de Branges-Rovnyak and other structured spaces) (46E22) Signal theory (characterization, reconstruction, filtering, etc.) (94A12) Sampling theory in information and communication theory (94A20)

Abstract: Short-time Fourier transform (STFT) phase retrieval refers to the reconstruction of a signal

f

from its spectrogram, i.e., the magnitudes of its STFT

V_gf(x,omega):=int_{mathbb{R}}f(t)overline{g(t-x)}e^{-2pi itomega}dt,

and appears as a central problem in several applications, including coherent diffraction imaging and audio processing. It is known that for several window functions

g

, any function

f i n L^{2} (m a t h b b R)

can be reconstructed from the full spectrogram

| V_{g} f (m a t h b b R^{2}) |

but in practice the reconstruction needs to be achieved only from discrete samples of

| V_{g} f (L a m b d a) |

, typically from a lattice

L a m b d a = A m a t h b b Z^{2}

. It turns out that the sampled problem becomes much more subtle: recently established discretization barriers state that uniqueness via lattice sampling is never achievable in

L^{2} (m a t h b b R)

, irrespective of the window function

g

and the density of the lattice. In the present paper we therefore initiate the study of multi-window STFT phase retrieval. We discover a novel connection between multi-window STFT phase retrieval and sampling in Fock space, allowing us to establish uniqueness results on the recoverability of square-integrable functions from spectrogram samples located on lattices. Precisely, we specify conditions on window functions

g_{1}, d o t s, g_{4} i n L^{2} (m a t h b b R)

such that every

f i n L^{2} (m a t h b b R)

is determined up to a global phase by

left(|V_{g_1}f(Amathbb{Z}^2)|,ldots,|V_{g_4}f(Amathbb{Z}^2)| ight)

whenever

A i n m a t h r m {G L}_{2} (m a t h b b R)

satisfies the density condition

| d e t A |^{- 1} g e q 4

. For real-valued signals

f i n L^{2} (m a t h b b R, m a t h b b R)

it suffices that

| d e t A |^{- 1} g e q 2

. Corresponding results for irregular sampling are also shown. Our results thereby overcome the aforementioned discretization barriers and constitute the first ever general uniqueness result for sampled STFT phase retrieval.

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