Multiplicative Ramanujan coefficients of null-function

MaRDI QIDQ6341700zbMATH OpenFDO

Authors Giovanni Coppola, Luca Ghidelli

Publication date 29 May 2020

Mathematics Subject Classification ID

Arithmetic functions in probabilistic number theory (11K65) Asymptotic results on arithmetic functions (11N37)

Abstract: The null-function $0(a):=0$, $forallain$N, has Ramanujan expansions: $0(a)=su{m}_{q=1}^{infty}(1/q)c_q(a)$ (where $c_q(a):=$ Ramanujan sum), given by Ramanujan, and $0(a)=su{m}_{q=1}^{infty}(1/varphi(q))c_q(a)$, given by Hardy ($varphi:=$ Euler's totient function). Both converge pointwise (not absolutely) in N. A $G:$N $ightarrow$C is called a Ramanujan coefficient, abbrev. R.c., iff (if and only if) $su{m}_{q=1}^{infty}G(q)c_q(a)$ converges in all $ain$N; given $F:$N $ightarrow$C, we call $<F>$, the set of its R.c.s, the Ramanujan cloud of $F$. Our Main Theorem in arxiv:1910.14640, for Ramanujan expansions and finite Euler products, implies a complete Classification for multiplicative Ramanujan coefficients of $0$. Ramanujan's $G_R(q):=1/q$ is a normal arithmetic function $G$, i.e., multiplicative with $G(p)eq1$ on all primes $p$; while Hardy's $G_H(q):=1/varphi(q)$ is a sporadic $G$, namely multiplicative, $G(p)=1$ for a finite set of $p$, but there's no $p$ with $G(p^K)=1$ on all integers $Kge0$ (Hardy's has $G_H(p)=1$ iff $p=2$). The $G:$N $ightarrow$C multiplicative, such that there's at least a prime $p$ with $G(p^K)=1$, on all $Kge0$, are defined to be exotic. This definition completes the cases for multiplicative $0-$Ramanujan coefficients. The exotic ones are a kind of new phenomenon in the $0-$cloud (i.e., $<0>$): exotic Ramanujan coefficients represent $0$ only with a convergence hypothesis. The not exotic, apart from the convergence hypothesis, require in addition $su{m}_{q=1}^{infty}G(q)mu(q)=0$ for normal $Gin<0>$, while sporadic $Gin<0>$ need $su{m}_{(q,P(G))=1}G(q)mu(q)=0$, $P(G):=$product of all $p$ making $G(p)=1$. We give many examples of R.c.s $Gin<0>$; we also prove that the only $Gin<0>$ with absolute convergence are the exotic ones; actually, these generalize to the weakly exotic, not necessarily multiplicative.

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