Near-Optimal Induced Universal Graphs for Bounded Degree Graphs

DOI10.4230/LIPICS.ICALP.2017.128MaRDI QIDQ5111460zbMATH OpenFDO

Authors Mikkel Abrahamsen, Stephen Alstrup, Jacob Holm, Mathias Bæk Tejs Knudsen, Morten Stöckel

Publication date 27 May 2020

Full work available at URL https://arxiv.org/abs/1607.04911

zbMATH Keywords

adjacency labeling schemesbounded-degree graphsdistributed computinginduced universal graphs

Mathematics Subject Classification ID

Vertex degrees (05C07) Graph labelling (graceful graphs, bandwidth, etc.) (05C78) Modes of computation (nondeterministic, parallel, interactive, probabilistic, etc.) (68Q10) Graph theory (including graph drawing) in computer science (68R10)

Abstract: A graph $U$ is an induced universal graph for a family $F$ of graphs if every graph in $F$ is a vertex-induced subgraph of $U$. For the family of all undirected graphs on $n$ vertices Alstrup, Kaplan, Thorup, and Zwick [STOC 2015] give an induced universal graph with $O!left(2^{n/2}ight)$ vertices, matching a lower bound by Moon [Proc. Glasgow Math. Assoc. 1965]. Let $k=lceilD/2ceil$. Improving asymptotically on previous results by Butler [Graphs and Combinatorics 2009] and Esperet, Arnaud and Ochem [IPL 2008], we give an induced universal graph with $O!left(frack{2}^{k}k!n^{k}ight)$ vertices for the family of graphs with $n$ vertices of maximum degree $D$. For constant $D$, Butler gives a lower bound of $Omega!left(n^{D/2}ight)$. For an odd constant $Dgeq3$, Esperet et al. and Alon and Capalbo [SODA 2008] give a graph with $O!left(n^{k-frac1D}ight)$ vertices. Using their techniques for any (including constant) even values of $D$ gives asymptotically worse bounds than we present. For large $D$, i.e. when $D=Omegaleft(lo{g}^{3}night)$, the previous best upper bound was $nchooselceilD/2ceil{n}^{O(1)}$ due to Adjiashvili and Rotbart [ICALP 2014]. We give upper and lower bounds showing that the size is $lfloorn/2floorchooselfloorD/2floor{2}^{pmildeOleft(sqrtDight)}$. Hence the optimal size is $2^{ildeO(D)}$ and our construction is within a factor of $2^{ildeOleft(sqrtDight)}$ from this. The previous results were larger by at least a factor of $2^{Omega(D)}$. As a part of the above, proving a conjecture by Esperet et al., we construct an induced universal graph with $2n-1$ vertices for the family of graphs with max degree $2$. In addition, we give results for acyclic graphs with max degree $2$ and cycle graphs. Our results imply the first labeling schemes that for any $D$ are at most $o(n)$ bits from optimal.

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• Induced-universal graphs for graphs with bounded maximum degree
• On induced-universal graphs for the class of bounded-degree graphs

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