Negative string tension of a higher-charge Schwinger model via digital quantum simulation

DOI10.1093/PTEP/PTAC007MaRDI QIDQ3390526zbMATH OpenOpenAlexFDO

Authors Masazumi Honda, Etsuko Itou, Y. Kikuchi, Yuya Tanizaki

Publication date 24 March 2022

Published in PTEP. Progress of Theoretical and Experimental Physics (Search for Journal in Brave)

Copyright license Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International

Full work available at URL https://arxiv.org/abs/2110.14105

Mathematics Subject Classification ID

Monte Carlo methods (65C05) Adiabatic invariants for problems in Hamiltonian and Lagrangian mechanics (70H11) Strings (74K05) Electromagnetic theory (general) (78A25) Closed and approximate solutions to the Schrödinger, Dirac, Klein-Gordon and other equations of quantum mechanics (81Q05) Covariant wave equations in quantum theory, relativistic quantum mechanics (81R20) Spinor and twistor methods applied to problems in quantum theory (81R25) Path integrals in quantum mechanics (81S40) Electromagnetic interaction; quantum electrodynamics (81V10)

Abstract: We study some properties of generalized global symmetry for the charge-$q$ Schwinger model in the Hamiltonian formalism, which is the $(1+1)$-dimensional quantum electrodynamics with a charge-$q$ Dirac fermion. This model has the $mathbb{Z}_q$ $1$-form symmetry, which is a remnant of the electric $U(1)$ $1$-form symmetry in the pure Maxwell theory. It is known that if we put the theory on closed space, then the Hilbert space is decomposed into $q$ distinct sectors, called universes and some states with higher energy density do not decay to the ground state due to the selection rule of the $1$-form symmetry. Even with open boundaries, we can observe the stability of such states by seeing a negative string tension behavior, meaning that opposite charges repel with each other. We develop a method based on the adiabatic state preparation to see this feature with digital quantum simulation and confirm it using a classical simulator of quantum devices. Especially, we measure local energy density and see how it jumps between inside and outside of insertion of the probe charges. We explicitly see that the energy density inside is lower than the outside one. This is a clear signature of the negative string tension.

Cited in

(10)

• Off-equilibrium non-Gaussian fluctuations near the QCD critical point: an effective field theory perspective
• Orbifolds by 2-groups and decomposition
• DMRG study of the higher-charge Schwinger model and its 't Hooft anomaly
• Monte Carlo study of Schwinger model without the sign problem
• Calculating composite-particle Spectra in Hamiltonian formalism and demonstration in 2-flavor \(\mathrm{QED}_{1+1\mathrm{d}}\)
• Investigating two-dimensional adjoint QCD on the lattice
• Dilaton shifts, probability measures, and decomposition
• DMRG study of the theta-dependent mass spectrum in the 2-flavor Schwinger model
• Decomposition squared
• Quantum entanglement to extract a true ground state from an approximate ground state

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