Noninclusion theorems for summability matrices

Matrix methods for summability (40C05) Inclusion and equivalence theorems in summability theory (40D25) Sequence spaces (including Köthe sequence spaces) (46A45)

Review text

For an infinite matrix \(A=(a_{nk})\) and a sequence \(x=(x_k)\) let \(Ax\) be the sequence \((y_n)\) with \(y_n=\sum_{k=1}^\infty a_{nk} x_k\) whenever these series converge. For a sequence space \(E\) let \(E_A=\{x=(x_k)\mid Ax\text{ exists and } Ax\in E\}\). In the present paper \(E=c\) (convergent sequences) and \(E=\ell=\{x\mid\sum|x_k|<\infty\}\) are considered; \(A\) is called regular if \(c\subset c_A\) and \(\lim Ax=\lim x\) for all \(x\in c\) and \(A\) is said to be an \(\ell\)-\(\ell\) matrix if \(\ell_A\subset\ell_B\). For regular matrices \(A\) and \(B\) such that \(c_A\subset c_B\) the author proves that \(\lim_{n,k} a_{nk}=0\) implies \(\lim_{n,k} b_{nk}=0,\) where these limits are taken in the Pringsheim sense. Also, for \(\ell\)-\(\ell\) matrices \(A\) and \(B\) such that \(\ell_A \subset\ell_B\), he shows that if there exists an integer \(\mu\) and a sequence \((k(j))_{j=1,2,\ldots}\) of column indices such that \(\lim_j\sum_{n=\mu}^\infty |a_{n,k(j)}|=0,\) then \(\lim_j \sum_{n=\mu}^\infty |b_{n,k(j)}|=0\). Of course, these assertions can be phrased as noninclusion theorems, and the author does so.

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