Nonleaf patterns in trees: protected nodes and fine numbers

MaRDI QIDQ3300679zbMATH OpenFDO

Authors Nachum Dershowitz

Publication date 29 July 2020

Full work available at URL https://arxiv.org/abs/1908.04329, https://cs.uwaterloo.ca/journals/JIS/VOL23/Dershowitz/dersh4.html

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zbMATH Keywords

Dyck pathFine numberFine pathhillinteger sequenceslattice pathprotected nodetree enumerationtree patterntrees

Mathematics Subject Classification ID

Exact enumeration problems, generating functions (05A15) Trees (05C05) Enumeration in graph theory (05C30)

Abstract: A closed-form formula is derived for the number of occurrences of matches of a multiset of patterns among all ordered (plane-planted) trees with a given number of edges. A pattern looks like a tree, with internal nodes and leaves, but also contain components that match subtrees or sequences of subtrees. This result extends previous versatile tree-pattern enumeration formulae to incorporate components that are only allowed to match nonleaf subtrees and provides enumerations of trees by the number of protected (shortest outgoing path has two or more edges) or unprotected nodes.

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Cites work

• \(k\)-protected vertices in unlabeled rooted plane trees
• A Catalan triangle
• A problem of arrangements
• A survey of the Fine numbers
• A transformation on ordered trees
• Dyck path enumeration
• Enumeration of plane trees by branches and endpoints
• Enumerations of ordered trees
• scientific article; zbMATH DE number 3270295 (Why is no real title available?)
• More patterns in trees: up and down, young and old, odd and even
• Patterns in trees
• Protected points in ordered trees
• Protection number in plane trees
• Some bijections and identities for the Catalan and Fine numbers
• The cycle lemma and some applications
• The on-line encyclopedia of integer sequences

Cited in

(6)

• Patterns in trees
• Analytic combinatorics of lattice paths with forbidden patterns, the vectorial kernel method, and generating functions for pushdown automata
• scientific article; zbMATH DE number 3871389 (Why is no real title available?)
• Protection number in plane trees
• More patterns in trees: up and down, young and old, odd and even
• A Fuss-Catalan generalization of the Fine numbers

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