Nonlinear O(3) sigma model in discrete complex analysis

Authors Masaru Kamata, Masayoshi Sekiguchi, Yuuki Tadokoro

Publication date 29 February 2016

Abstract: We present a discrete version of the two-dimensional nonlinear

O (3)

sigma model examined by Belavin and Polyakov. We formulate it by means of Mercat's discrete complex analysis and its elaboration by Bobenko and G"unther. We define a weighted discrete Dirichlet energy and area on a planar quad-graph and derive an inequality between them. We write

f

for the complex function obtained from the unit vector field of the model. The inequality is saturated if and only if the

f

is discrete (anti-)holomorphic. By using a weight

W

obtained from a kind of tiling of the sphere

S^{2}

, the weighted discrete area

{c a l A}_{d i a m o n d s u i t}^{W} (f)

admits a geometrical interpretation, namely,

{c a l A}_{d i a m o n d s u i t}^{W} (f) = 4 p i N

for a topological quantum number

N i n p i_{2} (S^{2})

. This ensures the topological stability of the solution described by the

f

, and we have the quantized energy

E_{d i a m o n d s u i t}^{W} (f) = | {c a l A}_{d i a m o n d s u i t}^{W} (f) | = 4 p i | N |

. For quad-graphs with orthogonal diagonals, we show that the discrete (anti-)holomorphic function

f

satisfies the Euler--Lagrange equation derived from the weighted discrete Dirichlet energy. On some rhombic lattices, the discrete power functions

z^{(N)}

give the topological quantum number

N

. Moreover, the weighted discrete Dirichlet energy, area, and Euler--Lagrange equation tend to their continuous forms as the lattice spacings tend to zero.

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