Normal bundle of rational curves and Waring decomposition

DOI10.1016/J.JALGEBRA.2013.11.008MaRDI QIDQ405825zbMATH OpenOpenAlexFDO

Authors Alessandro Bernardi

Publication date 8 September 2014

Published in Journal of Algebra (Search for Journal in Brave)

Full work available at URL https://arxiv.org/abs/1203.4955

zbMATH Keywords

Grassmannians normal bundle rational curves splitting type of normal bundles Waring decomposition

Mathematics Subject Classification ID

Special algebraic curves and curves of low genus (14H45) Plane and space curves (14H50)

Abstract: The problem of determining the splitting of the normal bundle of rational space curves has been considered in the 80s in a series of papers by Ghione and Sacchiero and by Eisenbud and Van de Ven. With our approach we are able to obtain results for curves embedded in

for

m g e q 3

and we find an interesting interplay between the Waring decomposition of binary forms and the splitting of the normal bundle.

Review text

The present paper is devoted to a classical subject in the theory of algebraic curves -- a classification of rational curves \(C \subset \mathbb{P}^{m}\) of degree \(n \geq m\) by the splitting type of their normal bundles \(N_{C;\mathbb{P}^{m}}\) and restricted tangent bundles \(T\mathbb{P}^{m}|_{C}\).NEWLINENEWLINEIn the note the author consider the projective situation (in order to see these degree \(n\) curves as projections of rational normal curves \(C_{n} \subset \mathbb{P}^{n}\) from \(L = \mathbb{P}^{k-1}\)) under the additional assumption that \(C\) has at worst ordinary singularities, which brings about that by \(N_{C;\mathbb{P}^{m}}\) and \(T\mathbb{P}^{m}|_{C}\) one means \(p^{*}(N_{C;\mathbb{P}^{m}})\) and \(p^{*}(T\mathbb{P}^{m}|_{C})\) respectively, where \(p: \mathbb{P}^{1} \rightarrow C\) is the composition \(p = p_{L} \circ v_{n}\) of the \(n\)-th Veronese and the projection from \(L\).NEWLINENEWLINEFor every \(n \in \mathbb{N}\) one defines the number \(\rho_{r}^{n,k}\) which is either equal to \(n-3k+r-1\) when \(3k < n-1, r \leq 2k-1\) or \(r\) when \(3k \geq n-1, 1 \leq r \leq n-k.\)NEWLINENEWLINENow we can recall some main results of the paper.NEWLINENEWLINETheorem.NEWLINENEWLINEIf \(\rho_{r}^{n,k} \leq (n-k+1)/3\), then the following conditions are equivalent: {\parindent=6mm \begin{itemize} \item[i)] the curve \(C = \pi_{L}(C_{n}) \subset \mathbb{P}^{n-k}\) projected from \(L\) has the splitting NEWLINE\[NEWLINEN_{\pi_{L}(C_{n});\mathbb{P}^{n-k}} \cong \mathcal{O}_{\mathbb{P}^{1}}(n+2)^{\rho_{r}^{n,k}} \oplus \mathcal{F},NEWLINE\]NEWLINE where \(\text{deg}(\mathcal{F}^{\vee}(n+2)) = -2k\) and \(\mathcal{F} \cong \bigoplus_{i}^{n-1-\rho_{r}^{n,k}-k}\mathcal{O}_{\mathbb{P}^{1}}(l_{i})\) with \(l_{i} \geq n+3\), \item [ii)] the center of projection \(L\) is contained in the base locus of a linear series \(\Phi\) generated by \(\rho_{r}^{n,k}\) linearly independent \(\mathbb{P}^{n-3}\)'s which intersect \(C_{n}\) in degree \(n-2\). NEWLINENEWLINE\end{itemize}} Another result characterizes the parameterizing variety for a certain class of curves.NEWLINENEWLINETheorem.NEWLINENEWLINEFor any \(0 \leq \alpha \leq n-k-2\) the variety parameterizing rational curves \(C\) of degree \(n\) in \(\mathbb{P}^{n-k}\) whose normal bundles \(N_{C, \mathbb{P}^{n-k}}\) has the summand \(\mathcal{O}_{\mathbb{P}^{1}}(n+2)^{\alpha}\) is irreducible.NEWLINENEWLINEIt is worth to point out that the summand \(\mathcal{O}_{\mathbb{P}^{1}}(n+2)\) appearing in the splitting type of normal bundles has the minimal possible degree for curves \(C\) having ordinary singularities.NEWLINENEWLINEThe author uses Waring decomposition tools, for instance Apolarity Lemma and decompositions of binary forms, which is a new and interesting approach.

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