Numerical Ranges of KMS Matrices

Abstract: A KMS matrix is one of the form

J_n(a)=[{array}{ccccc} 0 & a & a^2 &... & a^{n-1} & 0 & a & ddots & vdots & & ddots & ddots & a^2 & & & ddots & a 0 & & & & 0{array}]

for

n g e 1

and

a

in

m a t h b b C

. Among other things, we prove the following properties of its numerical range: (1)

W (J_{n} (a))

is a circular disc if and only if

n = 2

and

a e q 0

, (2) its boundary

p a r t i a l W (J_{n} (a))

contains a line segment if and only if

n g e 3

and

| a | = 1

, and (3) the intersection of the boundaries

p a r t i a l W (J_{n} (a))

and

p a r t i a l W (J_{n} (a) [j])

is either the singleton

m i n s i g m a (e J_{n} (a))

if

n

is odd,

j = (n + 1) / 2

and

| a | > 1

, or the empty set

e m p t y s e t

if otherwise, where, for any

n

-by-

n

matrix

A

,

A [j]

denotes its

j

th principal submatrix obtained by deleting its

j

th row and

j

th column (

1 l e j l e n

),

e A

its real part

(A + A^{*}) / 2

, and

s i g m a (A)

its spectrum.

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