Numerical study of conforming space-time methods for Maxwell's equations

DOI10.1002/NUM.23070MaRDI QIDQ6423035zbMATH OpenOpenAlexFDO

Authors Julia I. M. Hauser, Marco Zank

Publication date 10 January 2023

Copyright license Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International

Full work available at URL https://doi.org/10.1002/num.23070

Mathematics Subject Classification ID

Numerical methods for partial differential equations, initial value and time-dependent initial-boundary value problems (65Mxx)

Abstract: Time-dependent Maxwell's equations govern electromagnetics. Under certain conditions, we can rewrite these equations into a partial differential equation of second order, which in this case is the vectorial wave equation. For the vectorial wave, we investigate the numerical application and the challenges in the implementation. For this purpose, we consider a space-time variational setting, i.e. time is just another spatial dimension. More specifically, we apply integration by parts in time as well as in space, leading to a space-time variational formulation with different trial and test spaces. Conforming discretizations of tensor-product type result in a Galerkin--Petrov finite element method that requires a CFL condition for stability. For this Galerkin--Petrov variational formulation, we study the CFL condition and its sharpness. To overcome the CFL condition, we use a Hilbert-type transformation that leads to a variational formulation with equal trial and test spaces. Conforming space-time discretizations result in a new Galerkin--Bubnov finite element method that is unconditionally stable. In numerical examples, we demonstrate the effectiveness of this Galerkin--Bubnov finite element method. Furthermore, we investigate different projections of the right-hand side and their influence on the convergence rates. This paper is the first step towards a more stable computation and a better understanding of vectorial wave equations in a conforming space-time approach.

Cited in

(5)

• Space-time FEM for the vectorial wave equation under consideration of Ohm's law
• On a modified Hilbert transformation, the discrete inf-sup condition, and error estimates
• Some properties of a modified Hilbert transform
• Efficient direct space-time finite element solvers for the wave equation in second-order formulation
• Wavelet compressed, modified Hilbert transform in the space-time discretization of the heat equation

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