Observable actions of algebraic groups

Publication date 23 February 2010

Abstract: Let G be an affine algebraic group and let X be an affine algebraic variety. An action

G i m e s X o X

is called observable if for any G-invariant, proper, closed subset Y of X there is a nonzero invariant

f i n K [X]^{G}

such that f(Y) =0. We characterize this condition geometrically as follows. The action

G i m e s X o X

is observable if and only if (1) there is a nonempty open subset

U s u b s e t e q X

consisting of closed orbits, and (2) the field

K (X)^{G}

of G-invariant rational functions on X is equal to the quotient field of

K [X]^{G}

. In case G is reductive, we conclude that there exists a unique, maximal, G-stable, closed subset

X_{s o c}

of

X

such that

G i m e s X_{s o c} o X_{s o c}

is observable. Furthermore, the canonical map

X_{s o c} / / G o X / / G

is finite and bijective.

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