On 321-avoiding permutations in affine Weyl groups

Abstract: We introduce the notion of 321-avoiding permutations in the affine Weyl group

W

of type

A_{n - 1}

by considering the group as a George group (in the sense of Eriksson and Eriksson). This enables us to generalize a result of Billey, Jockusch and Stanley to show that the 321-avoiding permutations in

W

coincide with the set of fully commutative elements; in other words, any two reduced expressions for a 321-avoiding element of

W

(considered as a Coxeter group) may be obtained from each other by repeated applications of short braid relations. Using Shi's characterization of the Kazhdan--Lusztig cells in the group

W

, we use our main result to show that the fully commutative elements of

W

form a union of Kazhdan--Lusztig cells. This phenomenon has been studied by the author and J. Losonczy for finite Coxeter groups, and is interesting partly because it allows certain structure constants for the Kazhdan--Lusztig basis of the associated Hecke algebra to be computed combinatorially. We also show how some of our results can be generalized to a larger group of permutations, the extended affine Weyl group associated to

G L_{n} (B b b C)

.

Review text

Let \(W\) be the affine Weyl group of type \(A_{n-1}\) with Coxeter generators \(s_1,\dots ,s_n\). For \(t\in {\mathbb{Z}}\) denote \(\overline t\) the congruence class of \(t\) modulo \(n\). There exists a group isomorphism from \(W\) to the set of permutations of \(\mathbb{Z}\) which satisfy the following conditions: \(w(i+n)=w(i)+n\) for \(i\in {\mathbb{Z}}\); \(\sum_{t=1}^nw(t)=\sum_{i=1}^nt\), such that \(s_i\) is mapped to the permutation \(t\mapsto t\mp 1\), if \(\overline t=\overline{i\pm 1}\), \(t\mapsto t\), if \(\overline t\neq \overline{i\pm 1}\). Let \(\rho\) be the permutation of \(\mathbb{Z}\) taking \(t\) to \(t+1\) for all \(t\). Then the group \(\widehat W\) is defined to be the group of permutations of \(\mathbb{Z}\) generated by \(W\) and \(\rho\). Any element of \(\widehat W\) is uniquely expressible in the form \(\rho^zw\) for \(z\in {\mathbb{Z}}\) and \(w\in W\). In this paper it is proved that the 321-avoiding permutations in \(W\) coincide with the set of fully commutative elements (Theorem 2.7) and form a union of Kazhdan-Lusztig cells (Theorem 3.4). The analogue of Theorem 2.7 is obtained for the group \(\widehat W\).

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