On Lambda Function and a Quantification of Torhorst Theorem

DOI10.1016/J.TOPOL.2022.108245MaRDI QIDQ6335200arXivWikidataFDO

Authors Li Feng, Jun Luo, Xiao-Ting Yao

Publication date 20 February 2020

Published in arXiv

Full work available at URL https://doi.org/10.1016/J.TOPOL.2022.108245

Mathematics Subject Classification ID

Cluster sets, prime ends, boundary behavior (30D40) Connected and locally connected spaces (general aspects) (54D05)

arXiv classification

math.GN

Abstract: To any compact $KsubsethatmathbbC$ we associate a map $lambd{a}_K:hatmathbbCightarrowmathbbNcupinfty$ -- the lambda function of $K$ -- such that a planar continuum $K$ is locally connected if and only if $Lambd{a}_K(x)equiv0$. We establish basic methods of determining the lambda function $lambd{a}_K$ for specific compacta $KsubsethatmathbbC$, including a gluing lemma for lambda functions and some inequalities. One of these inequalities comes from an interplay between the topological difficulty of a planar compactum $K$ and that of a sub-compactum $LsubsetK$, lying on the boundary of a component of $hatmathbbCsetminusK$. It generalizes and quantifies the result of Torhorst Theorem, a fundamental result from plane topology. We also find three conditions under which this inequality is actually an equality. Under one of these conditions, this equality provides a quantitative version for Whyburn's Theorem, which is a partial converse to Torhorst Theorem.

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