On Vector Spaces with Formal Infinite Sums

Publication date 30 January 2023

Infinitary algebras (08A65) Formal power series rings (13F25) Power series rings (13J05) Embedding theorems, universal categories (18B15)

Abstract: We discuss possible definitions of categories of vector spaces enriched with a notion of formal infinite linear combination in the likes of the formal infinite linear combinations one has in the context of generalized power series, we call these extit{categories of reasonable strong vector spaces} (r.s.v.s.). We show that, in a precise sense, the more general possible definition for a strong vector space is that of a small

m a t h r m V e c t

-enriched endofunctor of

m a t h r m V e c t

that is right orthogonal, for every cardinal

l a m b d a

, to the cokernel of the canonical inclusion of the

l a m b d a

-th copower in the

l a m b d a

-th power of the identity functor: these form the objects for a universal r.s.v.s. we call

S i g m a m a t h r m V e c t

. We relate this category to what could be understood to be the obvious category of strong vector spaces

B S i g m a m a t h r m V e c t

and to the r.s.v.s.

K m a t h r m {T V e c t}_{s}

of separated linearly topologized spaces that are generated by linearly compact spaces. We study the number of iterations of the obvious approximate reflector on

m a t h r m I n d e x t - (m a t h r m {V e c t}^{m a t h r m o p})

needed to construct the orthogonal reflector

m a t h r m I n d e x t - (m a t h r m {V e c t}^{m a t h r m o p}) o S i g m a m a t h r m V e c t

as it relates to the problem of constructing the smallest subspace of an

X i n S i g m a m a t h r m V e c t

closed under taking infinite linear combinations containing a given linear subspace of

H

of

X

. Finally we show the natural monoidal closed structure on

m a t h r m I n d e x t - (m a t h r m {V e c t}^{m a t h r m o p})

restricts naturally to

S i g m a m a t h r m V e c t

and apply this to define an infinite-sum-sensitive notion of K"ahler differentials for generalized power series. Most of the technical results apply to a more general class of orthogonal subcategories of

m a t h r m I n d e x t - (m a t h r m {V e c t}^{m a t h r m o p})

and we work with that generality.

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