On a conjecture on permutation rational functions over finite fields

DOI10.1016/J.FFA.2021.101904MaRDI QIDQ2238914zbMATH OpenOpenAlexWikidataFDO

Authors Daniele Bartoli, Xiang-Dong Hou

Publication date 2 November 2021

Published in Finite Fields and their Applications (Search for Journal in Brave)

Full work available at URL https://arxiv.org/abs/2008.03432

zbMATH Keywords

finite fieldsLang-Weil boundpermutationsrational function fields

Mathematics Subject Classification ID

Arithmetic theory of algebraic function fields (11R58) Polynomials over finite fields (11T06) Arithmetic theory of polynomial rings over finite fields (11T55) Algebraic functions and function fields in algebraic geometry (14H05)

Abstract: Let $p$ be a prime and $n$ be a positive integer, and consider $f_b(X)=X+(X^p-X+b{)}^{-1}inBbb{F}_p(X)$, where $binBbb{F}_{p^n}$ is such that $ext{Tr}_{p^n/p}(b)e0$. It is known that (i) $f_b$ permutes $Bbb{F}_{p^n}$ for $p=2,3$ and all $nge1$; (ii) for $p>3$ and $n=2$, $f_b$ permutes $Bbb{F}_{p^2}$ if and only if $ext{Tr}_{p^2/p}(b)=pm1$; and (iii) for $p>3$ and $nge5$, $f_b$ does not permute $Bbb{F}_{p^n}$. It has been conjectured that for $p>3$ and $n=3,4$, $f_b$ does not permute $Bbb{F}_{p^n}$. We prove this conjecture for sufficiently large $p$.

Review text

A polynomial \(f(X)\in{\mathbb F}_{p^n}[X]\) is called a \textit{permutation polynomial} if \(f(X)\) permutes \({\mathbb F}_{p^n}\). The authors are interested in \textit{permutation rational functions} (PRs) \(f(X)\in {\mathbb F}_{p^n} (X)\), that is, \(f(X)\) permutes \({\mathbb F}_{p^n}\). Let \(b\in {\mathbb F}_{p^n}\) be such that \(\mathrm{Tr}_{{\mathbb F}_{p^n}/{\mathbb F}_{p}} (b)\neq 0\) and let \(f_b(X)=X+\frac 1{X^p-X+b}\in {\mathbb F}_{p^n}(X)\). \textit{J. Yuan} et al. proved in [Finite Fields Appl. 14, No. 2, 482--493 (2008; Zbl 1211.11136)] that for \(p=2,3\) and all \(n\geq 1\), \(f_b\) is a PR of \({\mathbb F}_{p^n}\). The second named author and \textit{C. Sze} proved in [Finite Fields Appl. 68, Article ID 101758, 9 p. (2020; Zbl 1456.11219)] that for \(p>3\) and \(n\geq 5\), \(f_b\) is not a PR of \( {\mathbb F}_{p^n}\), and for \(p>3\) and \(n=2\), \(f_b\) is a PR of \( {\mathbb F}_{p^2}\) if and only if \(\mathrm{Tr}_{ {\mathbb F}_{p^2}/ {\mathbb F}_{p}}(b)=\pm 1\). The goal of this paper is to prove that for sufficiently large \(p\), and \(n=3,4\), \(f_b\) is not a PR of \( {\mathbb F}_{p^n}\). More precisely they prove for \(n=3\) and \(p\geq 1,734,097\) (Theorem 3.1), and for \(n=4\) and \(p\geq 100,018,663\), (Theorem 4.1) that \(f_b\) is not a PR of \( {\mathbb F}_{p^3}\) and of \({\mathbb F}_{p^4}\) respectively. The proofs are based on the Lang-Weil bound on the number of zeros of absolutely irreducible polynomials over finite fields. The main technical tool is the existence, for \(n=3\) of a polynomial of degree 18 in \({\mathbb F}_{p} [Y_1,Y_2,Y_3]\) that has a cyclic absolutely irreducible factor in \({\mathbb F}_{p} [Y_1,Y_2,Y_3]\), and for \(n=4\), the existence of a polynomial of degree 46 in \({\mathbb F}_{p}[Y_1,Y_2,Y_3,Y_4]\) that has a cyclic irreducible factor in \({\mathbb F}_{p}[Y_1,Y_2,Y_3,Y_4]\).

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Cited in

(23)

• Tests for permutation functions
• On a type of permutation rational functions over finite fields
• A power sum formula by Carlitz and its applications to permutation rational functions of finite fields
• Using permutation rational functions to obtain permutation arrays with large Hamming distance
• On the existence of permutations conditioned by certain rational functions
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• On a radical extension of the field of rational functions in several variables
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• On a class of permutation rational functions involving trace maps
• On a special type of permutation rational functions
• Valuations on rational function fields that are invariant under permutation of the variables

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