On a flow of operators associated to virtual permutations

Abstract: Kerov, Olshanski and Vershik introduced the so-called virtual permutations, defined as families of permutations

(s i g m a_{N})_{N g e q 1}

,

s i g m a_{N}

in the symmetric group of order

N

, such that the cycle structure of

s i g m a_{N}

can be deduced from the structure of

s i g m a_{N + 1}

simply by removing the element

N + 1

. The virtual permutations, and in particular the probability measures on the corresponding space which are invariant by conjugation, have been studied in a details by Tsilevich. In the present article, we prove that for a large class of such invariant measures (containing in particular the Ewens measure of any parameter

h e t a g e q 0

), it is possible to associate a flow

(T^{a l p h a})_{a l p h a i n m a t h b b R}

of random operators on a suitable functional space. Moreover, if

(s i g m a_{N})_{N g e q 1}

is a random virtual permutation following a distribution in the class described above, the operator

T^{a l p h a}

can be interpreted as the limit, in a sense which has to be made precise, of the permutation

s i g m a_{N}^{a l p h a_{N}}

, where

N

goes to infinity and

a l p h a_{N}

is equivalent to

a l p h a N

. In relation with this interpretation, we prove that the eigenvalues of the infinitesimal generator of

(T^{a l p h a})_{a l p h a i n m a t h b b R}

are equal to the limit of the rescaled eigenangles of the permutation matrix associated to

s i g m a_{N}

.

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