On fully supported eigenfunctions of quantum graphs

Trees (05C05) Distance in graphs (05C12) Structure and classification for modules, bimodules and ideals (except as in 16Gxx), direct sum decomposition and cancellation in associative algebras) (16D70) Eigenfunctions, eigenfunction expansions, completeness of eigenfunctions of ordinary differential operators (34L10) Particular ordinary differential operators (Dirac, one-dimensional Schrödinger, etc.) (34L40) Hilbert and pre-Hilbert spaces: geometry and topology (including spaces with semidefinite inner product) (46C05) Quantum mechanics on special spaces: manifolds, fractals, graphs, lattices (81Q35)

arXiv classification

math.SP

Abstract: We prove that every metric graph which is a tree has an orthonormal sequence of Laplace-eigenfunctions of full support. This implies that the number of nodal domains

u_{n}

of the

n

-th eigenfunction of the Laplacian with standard conditions satisfies

u_{n} / n o 1

along a subsequence and has previously only been known in special cases such as mutually rationally dependent or rationally independent side lengths. It shows in particular that the Pleijel nodal domain asymptotics from two- or higher dimensional domains cannot occur on these graphs: Despite their more complicated topology, they still behave as in the one-dimensional case. We prove an analogous result on general metric graphs under the condition that they have at least one Dirichlet vertex. Furthermore, we generalize our results to Delta vertex conditions and to edgewise constant potentials. The main technical contribution is a new expression for a secular function in which modifications to the graph, to vertex conditions, and to the potential are particularly easy to understand.

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