On locales of localizations

dual existence of suprema and infima frame morphism Gabriel topologies geometric morphism Grothendieck topos lattice theoretic properties local factorization systems locale localization locally presentable category reflective subcategory well-pointed endofunctors

Mathematics Subject Classification ID

Category-theoretic methods and results in associative algebras (except as in 16D90) (16B50) Adjoint functors (universal constructions, reflective subcategories, Kan extensions, etc.) (18A40) Topoi (18B25) Localization of categories, calculus of fractions (18E35)

Review text

A localization of a category \({\mathcal A}\) is a reflective subcategory \({\mathcal C}\to {\mathcal A}\) with left exact reflector \(r: {\mathcal A}\to {\mathcal C}\). It is well known that in certain cases the localizations of \({\mathcal A}\), Loc \({\mathcal A}\), (ordered by inclusion of subcategories), forms the dual of a locale. This occurs, for example, when \({\mathcal A}\) is a Grothendieck topos or if \({\mathcal A}=R\)-Mod is the category of right R- modules for a ring R, in which case the dual corresponds to the locale of Gabriel topologies on R. This paper considers the lattice theoretic properties of Loc \({\mathcal A}\) in great detail, in particular it generalizes the above examples. In considering the existence of suprema and infima in Loc \({\mathcal A}\), the connection between localizations and local factorization systems on \({\mathcal A}\) [\textit{C. Cassidy}, \textit{M. Hébert} and \textit{G. M. Kelly}, J. Aust. Math. Soc., Ser. A 38, 287-329 (1985; Zbl 0573.18002); Corrigenda, ibid. 41, 286 (1986; Zbl 0601.18001)] is utilized, as is the theory of well-pointed endofunctors \({\mathcal A}\to {\mathcal A}\). One of the main results is that if \({\mathcal A}\) is a locally presentable category in which finite limits commute with small filtered colimits and if furthermore \({\mathcal A}\) has a small strong generator, then Loc \({\mathcal A}\) is the dual of a locale. This includes the two above mentioned examples and more generally if \({\mathcal A}\) is such a category and \({\mathcal L}\) is a small finitely complete category, then Lex(\({\mathcal L},{\mathcal A})\), the category of left exact functors \({\mathcal L}\to {\mathcal A}\), is again such a category. The effect on localizations of changing \({\mathcal A}\) along a geometric morphism (a functor with a left exact left adjoint) is then studied and the question of when does a ring homomorphism \(R\to S\) give rise to a frame morphism Top \(R\to Top S\) between the corresponding frames of Gabriel topologies is addressed in the final section of the paper.

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