On the Hardness of Compressing Weights

DOI10.4230/LIPICS.MFCS.2021.64MaRDI QIDQ6168482zbMATH OpenOpenAlexFDO

Authors Bart M. P. Jansen, Shivesh Kumar Roy, Michał Włodarczyk

Publication date 8 August 2023

Full work available at URL https://arxiv.org/abs/2107.02554

zbMATH Keywords

compressionconstraint satisfaction problemsedge-weighted cliquekernelization

Mathematics Subject Classification ID

Theory of computing (68Qxx)

Abstract: We investigate computational problems involving large weights through the lens of kernelization, which is a framework of polynomial-time preprocessing aimed at compressing the instance size. Our main focus is the weighted Clique problem, where we are given an edge-weighted graph and the goal is to detect a clique of total weight equal to a prescribed value. We show that the weighted variant, parameterized by the number of vertices $n$, is significantly harder than the unweighted problem by presenting an $O(n^{3-varepsilon})$ lower bound on the size of the kernel, under the assumption that NP $otsubseteq$ coNP/poly. This lower bound is essentially tight: we show that we can reduce the problem to the case with weights bounded by $2^{O(n)}$, which yields a randomized kernel of $O(n^3)$ bits. We generalize these results to the weighted $d$-Uniform Hyperclique problem, Subset Sum, and weighted variants of Boolean Constraint Satisfaction Problems (CSPs). We also study weighted minimization problems and show that weight compression is easier when we only want to preserve the collection of optimal solutions. Namely, we show that for node-weighted Vertex Cover on bipartite graphs it is possible to maintain the set of optimal solutions using integer weights from the range $[1,n]$, but if we want to maintain the ordering of the weights of all inclusion-minimal solutions, then weights as large as $2^{Omega(n)}$ are necessary.

Cited in

(3)

• Sunflowers meet sparsity: a linear-vertex kernel for weighted clique-packing on sparse graphs
• Optimal polynomial-time compression for Boolean Max CSP
• Does subset sum admit short proofs?

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