On the associated orthogonal polynomials

The author continues the study of orthogonal polynomials w.r.t. a regular linear functional \({\mathcal L}\). In the first part of the paper the associated orthogonal polynomials of order r are introduced by \[ \gamma_{r-1}P_ n^{(r)}(x)=<{\mathcal L}^{(r- 1)},\frac{P_{n+1}^{(r-1)}(x)-P_{n+1}^{(r-1)}(u)}{x-u}>,\quad r\geq 1,\quad n\geq 1. \] (\(\gamma\) \({}_{r-1}\) comes from the recurrence relation for the monic orthogonal polynomials w.r.t. \({\mathcal L}\), \({\mathcal L}^{(r-1)}\) acts on u and must be interpreted as the (r-1)st derivative of \({\mathcal L}\) in the sense of distribution theory.) The author gives recurrence relations, a mixed Christoffel-Darboux formula and a property of the zeroes (associated polynomials of order r and degree n, \(n+1\) have no common zeroes, the polynomial of order r, degree \(n+1\) and that of order \(r+1\) and degree n have no common zeroes). The second part of the paper is concerned with quasi-orthogonality of order s w.r.t. \({\mathcal L}:\) a sequence \(P_ n(x)\) of monic orthogonal polynomials w.r.t. \({\mathcal L}\) is said to be semi-classical of class s if and only if the sequence of the derivatives \(P'_{n+1}(x)\) is quasi- orthogonal of order s w.r.t. \({\mathcal L}\). A differential equation for semi-classical orthogonal polynomials and a three term recurrence relation for quasi-orthogonal polynomials of order s are then proved; these resuls are not new. The paper is written in a compact style and needs careful reading.

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