On the common zeros of Bessel functions

Let \(J_{\nu}(z)\) be the Bessel function of the first kind and order \(\nu\). Using a functional-analytic method the authors give some results concerning common zeros of the functions \(J_{\nu}(z)\), with respect to \(\nu\) and fixed \(z\). In particular, let \(H\) be an abstract separable Hilbert space over the complex field and \(\{e_{n}\}\), \(n=1,2,\ldots\) its orthogonal base. The shift operator \(V\) is defined by \(Ve_{n}=e_{n+1}\), \(n=1,2,\ldots\), its adjoint \(V^{*}\) by \(V^{*}e_{1}=0\), \( V^{*}e_{n}=e_{n-1}\), \(n\geq 2\), the diagonal operator \(C_{0}\) by \(C_{0}e_{n}=ne_{n}\) and the selfadjoint operator \(T_{0}\) by \(T_{0}=V+V^{*}\). Then the authors prove the following results: (1) Let \(\rho=\rho_{1}+i\rho_{2}\neq 0\) be a complex number. Then \(\rho\) is a common zero of the Bessel functions \(J_{\nu_{m}}(z)\), \( m=1,2,\ldots k\), \(k\geq 2\), \( \nu_{m}=\nu_{m_{1}}+i\nu_{m_{2}}\), \( \nu_{m}\neq-1,-2,\ldots\) if and only if the numbers \((2/\rho)\nu_{m}\) are eigenvalues of the operator \(T_{0}-(2/\rho)C_{0}\). In this case the following inequalities hold: \(\nu_{m_{1}} \leq |\rho_{1} |-1\), \( |\nu_{m_{2}} |\leq |\rho_{2} |\). (2) Given a complex number \(\rho \neq 0\), with \( |\rho |< 1/2\), there exists a sequence of complex numbers \(\nu_{m}\in D_{m}=\{\nu \in {\mathbb C}: |\nu + m |\leq |\rho |\}\), such that \(J_{\nu_{m}}(\rho)=0\), \(m=1,2,\ldots\). (3) The number of different Bessel functions \(J_{\nu_{m}}(z)\), \(m=1,2,\ldots k\), \(k\geq 2\), \( \nu_{m}\geq 0\), which have a common zero \(\rho>0\) is equal to the number of negative eigenvalues of the operator \(C_{0}-(\rho /2)T_{0}\). Finally, the authors give the following lower bound for the common zero \(\rho \neq 0\) of the Bessel functions \(J_{\nu}(z)\), \( J_{\mu}(z)\), \(\nu>\mu>-1\). \[ |\rho |\geq \frac{\mu+1}{2_{2}F_{1}(1/\alpha+3/2,1;1+1/\alpha,-1)}, \quad \alpha=\frac{2(\nu-\mu)}{\mu+1} . \]

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