On the existence of universal models

DOI10.1007/S00153-004-0235-1MaRDI QIDQ1762730zbMATH OpenOpenAlexFDO

Authors Mirna Džamonja, S. Shelah

Publication date 11 February 2005

Published in Archive for Mathematical Logic (Search for Journal in Brave)

Full work available at URL https://arxiv.org/abs/math/9805149

zbMATH Keywords

abstract elementary classesuniversal modelsnormed vector spacesconsistency resultsapproximation familiesconsistent existence

Mathematics Subject Classification ID

Consistency and independence results (03E35) Set-theoretic model theory (03C55)

Abstract: Suppose that $lambda=lambd{a}^{<lambda}gealep{h}_0$, and we are considering a theory $T$. We give a criterion on $T$ which is sufficient for the consistent existence of $lambd{a}^{++}$ universal models of $T$ of size $lambd{a}^{+}$ for models of $T$ of size $lelambd{a}^{+}$, and is meaningful when $2^{lambd{a}^{+}}>lambd{a}^{++}$. In fact, we work more generally with abstract elementary classes. The criterion for the consistent existence of universals applies to various well known theories, such as triangle-free graphs and simple theories. Having in mind possible applications in analysis, we further observe that for such $lambda$, for any fixed $mu>lambd{a}^{+}$ regular with $mu=m{u}^{lambd{a}^{+}}$, it is consistent that $2^{l}ambda=mu$ and there is no normed vector space over $BbfQ$ of size $<mu$ which is universal for normed vector spaces over $BbfQ$ of dimension $lambd{a}^{+}$ under the notion of embedding $h$ which specifies $(a,b)$ such that $ormh(x)/ormxin(a,b)$ for all $x$.

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