On the growth of deviations

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Abstract: The deviations of a graded algebra are a sequence of integers that determine the Poincare series of its residue field and arise as the number of generators of certain DG algebras. In a sense, deviations measure how far a ring is from being a complete intersection. In this paper we study extremal deviations among those of algebras with a fixed Hilbert series. In this setting, we prove that, like the Betti numbers, deviations do not decrease when passing to an initial ideal and are maximized by the Lex-segment ideal. We also prove that deviations grow exponentially for Golod rings and for certain quadratic monomial algebras.


Let \(S=k[x_1,\dots,x_n]\) be a polynomial ring over a field \(K\), \(I\subseteq(x_1,\dots,x_n)^2\) an homogeneous ideal, and \(R=S/I\). The authors study deviations of the graded algebra \(R\). They show that the deviations of \(R\) are at most equal to the deviations of \(S/\mathrm{in}_{<}(I)\), for any term order \(<\). Moreover, they prove that. among all the homogeneous ideals the rings \(S/I\) with the same Hilbert series, the ring \(S/L\) has the largest deviations, where \(L\) is the lex-segment ideal of \(S/I\). The authors pay attention also to the asymptotic behaviour of the deviations of \(R\). They prove that, if \(R\) is a Golod ring which is not a complete intersection, deviations grow exponentially.



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