On the positivity set of a linear recurrence sequence

DOI10.1007/S11856-006-0015-1MaRDI QIDQ877480zbMATH OpenOpenAlexFDO

Authors Stefan Gerhold, Jason P. Bell

Publication date 23 April 2007

Published in Israel Journal of Mathematics (Search for Journal in Brave)

Full work available at URL https://arxiv.org/abs/math/0506398

zbMATH Keywords

asymptotic densitydominating rootlinear recurrence sequencepositivity setSkolem Mahler Lech theorem

Mathematics Subject Classification ID

Density, gaps, topology (11B05) Recurrences (11B37)

Abstract: We consider real sequences $(f_n)$ that satisfy a linear recurrence with constant coefficients. We show that the density of the positivity set of such a sequence always exists. In the special case where the sequence has no positive dominating characteristic root, we establish that the density is positive. Furthermore, we determine the values that can occur as density of such a positivity set, both for the special case just mentioned and in general.

Review text

Let \((f_n)_{n\geq 0}\) be a real linear recurrence sequence. Two main results of the paper say: (1) The (asymptotic) density of the set \(\{n\in{\mathbb Z}: f_n>0\}\) exists, (2) If \((f_n)\) is non-zero with no positive dominating characteristic root, then the sets \(\{n\in{\mathbb Z}: f_n>0\}\) and \(\{n\in{\mathbb Z}: f_n<0\}\) have positive densities. A weak form of the famous Skolem-Mahler-Lech theorem says that the density of the zero set \(\{n\in{\mathbb Z}: f_n=0\}\) exists and is a rational number for all linear recurrences over an arbitrary field of characteristic zero. For real linear recurrences the authors prove that given a real number \(\kappa\) and a rational number \(r\) such that \(0\leq \kappa,r\leq1\) and \(\kappa+r\leq1\) there is a real linear recurrence \((f_n)\) for which the density of \(\{n\in{\mathbb Z}: f_n>0\}\) is \(\kappa\), and the density of \(\{n\in{\mathbb Z}: f_n=0\}\) is \(r\). They also show that their approach yields the above mentioned weak form of the Skolem-Mahler-Lech Theorem for real recurrences.

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Cited in

(23)

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• Rotation Invariant Minkowski Classes of Convex Bodies
• The Shape of the Value Sets of Linear Recurrence Sequences
• Sums of primes and quadratic linear recurrence sequences
• scientific article; zbMATH DE number 6154366 (Why is no real title available?)
• Diagonal asymptotics for symmetric rational functions via ACSV
• Decision problems for linear recurrences involving arbitrary real numbers
• Point lattices and oscillating recurrence sequences^†
• Exceptional biases in counting primes over function fields
• scientific article; zbMATH DE number 7788988 (Why is no real title available?)
• Most principal permutation classes, and t-stack sortable permutations, have nonrational generating functions
• On the complexity of robust eventual inequality testing for C-finite functions
• Computing the density of the positivity set for linear recurrence sequences
• Fifth order linear recurrence sequences and their positivity
• Maximum entropy random walks: the infinite setting and the example of spider networks with their scaling limits
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