On the relation between Darboux transformations and polynomial mappings

DOI10.1016/J.JAT.2013.04.002MaRDI QIDQ390520zbMATH OpenOpenAlexFDO

Authors Maxim Derevyagin

Publication date 8 January 2014

Published in Journal of Approximation Theory (Search for Journal in Brave)

Full work available at URL https://arxiv.org/abs/1212.1134

zbMATH Keywords

Darboux transformationdefinitizable functiondefinitizable operatormonic generalized Jacobi matrixmonic Jacobi matrixnon-regular functionalorthogonal polynomialsStieltjes functiontriangular factorizationunwrapping transformation

Mathematics Subject Classification ID

Moment problems and interpolation problems in the complex plane (30E05) Orthogonal polynomials and functions of hypergeometric type (Jacobi, Laguerre, Hermite, Askey scheme, etc.) (33C45) Padé approximation (41A21)

Abstract: Let dmu(t) be a probability measure on [0,+infty) such that its moments are finite. Then the Cauchy-Stieltjes transform S of dmu(t) is a Stieltjes function, which admits an expansion into a Stieltjes continued fraction. In the present paper, we consider a matrix interpretation of the unwrapping transformation from S(lambda) to lambda S(lambda^2), which is intimately related to the simplest case of polynomial mappings. More precisely, it is shown that this transformation is essentially a Darboux transformation of the underlying Jacobi matrix. Moreover, in this scheme, the Chihara construction of solutions to the Carlitz problem appears as a shifted Darboux transformation.

Review text

The monic Hermite polynomials can be expressed in terms of the monic Laguerre polynomials as \(H_{2n}(\lambda )=L_n^{(-1/2)}(\lambda ^2)\) and \(H_{2n+1}(\lambda )=\lambda L_n^{(1/2)}(\lambda ^2)\). More generally, if \(P_j\) are monic orthogonal polynomials with respect to a measure \(d\mu \) on \([0,\infty )\) then the polynomials defined by \(\Phi _{2j}(\lambda )=P_j(\lambda ^2)\) and \(\Phi _{2j+1}(\lambda )=\lambda \tilde P_j(\lambda ^2)\), where NEWLINE\[NEWLINE\tilde P_j(\lambda )=\frac{1}{\lambda }\left[ P_{j+1}(\lambda )-\frac{P_{j+1}(0)}{P_j(0)}P_j(\lambda )\right],NEWLINE\]NEWLINE are orthogonal with respect to the measure \(\frac{\text{sign}\, t}{2}d\mu (t^2)\) on the real line \(\mathbb{R}\). The unwrapping transformation \(P_j\mapsto \Phi _j\) can be expressed in terms of the Cauchy-Stieltjes transform as \(S(\lambda )\mapsto \lambda \, S(\lambda ^2)\). In this paper the author gives a matrix interpretation of this construction and shows that this transformation is essentially a Darboux transformation of the underlying Jacobi matrix. He also shows that the generalized Jacobi matrices appear in the theory of polynomial mappings and presents an introduction to the theory of generalized Jacobi matrices from a classical point of view.

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Cited in

(12)

• On the Darboux transformation of \(N\)th order
• Shifted Darboux transformations of the generalized Jacobi matrices. I
• On the Darboux transformations and sequences of \(p\)-orthogonal polynomials
• Signatures of paths transformed by polynomial maps
• Spectral theory of the \(G\)-symmetric tridiagonal matrices related to Stahl's counterexample
• Geronimus transformations of bivariate linear functionals
• A formula for polynomials with Hermitian matrix argument
• Multiple Geronimus transformations
• Darboux transformations for orthogonal polynomials on the real line and on the unit circle
• scientific article; zbMATH DE number 9558 (Why is no real title available?)
• A note on the Geronimus transformation and Sobolev orthogonal polynomials
• scientific article; zbMATH DE number 772756 (Why is no real title available?)

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