On the structure of monomial complete intersections in positive characteristic
Let $k$ be a field and let $A = k[x_1,\dots,x_n]/(x_1^{d_1},\dots,x_n^{d_n})$ with the usual grading. We say that $A$ has the weak Lefschetz property (WLP) if there is a linear form $L$ for which $\times L : [A]_t \rightarrow [A]_{t+1}$ has maximal rank for all $t$, and we say that $A$ has the strong Lefschetz property (SLP) if there is an $L$ for which $\times L^d : [A]_t \rightarrow [A]_{t+d}$ has maximal rank for all $t$ and all $d$. Of course SLP implies WLP. When $k$ has characteristic zero, Stanley proved that $A$ has SLP. When $k$ has positive characteristic $p$, $A$ does not necessarily have SLP, or even WLP. The main result of this paper is a complete classification of when $A$ has SLP, for $n \geq 3$, proving a conjecture of \textit{D. Cook II} [J. Algebra 369, 42--58 (2012; Zbl 1271.13010)]. In fact, they show the following. Assume $n \geq 3$ and $d_i \geq 2$ for all $i$. Without loss of generality set $d_1 = \max \{ d_1,\dots,d_n \}$. Write $d_1 = N_1 p + r_1$ with $0 < r_1 \leq p$. Then $A$ has SLP if and only if one of the following two conditions holds: (a) $\sum_{i=1}^n (d_i-1) < p$; (b) $d_1 > p$, $d_i \leq p$ for $i = 2,\dots,n$ and $\sum_{i=2}^n (d_i-1) \leq \min \{ r_1, p-r_1 \}$. The authors also give some results for WLP for such algebras, although not a complete classification.
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