On trace-convex noncommutative polynomials

DOI10.1307/MMJ/1457101814MaRDI QIDQ274135zbMATH OpenOpenAlexFDO

Authors Igor Klep, Scott McCullough, Christopher Nelson

Publication date 22 April 2016

Published in Michigan Mathematical Journal (Search for Journal in Brave)

Full work available at URL https://arxiv.org/abs/1411.6636

zbMATH Keywords

convex functionKlein's lemmapolynomialtrace function

Mathematics Subject Classification ID

Determinants, permanents, traces, other special matrix functions (15A15) Convexity of real functions of several variables, generalizations (26B25) Convex sets and cones of operators (47L07)

Abstract: To each real continuous function f there is an associated trace function on real symmetric matrices Tr f. The classical Klein lemma states that f is convex if and only if Tr f is convex. In this note we present an algebraic strengthening of this lemma for univariate polynomials f: Tr f is convex if and only if the noncommutative second directional derivative of f is a sum of hermitian squares and commutators in a free algebra. We also give a localized version of this result.

Review text

To each continuous function \(f: \mathbb{R}\to\mathbb{R}\) there is an associated trace function on \(n\times n\) real symmetric matrices \(\mathrm{Tr} f\). The classical Klein lemma states that \(f\) is convex if and only if \(\mathrm{Tr} f\) is convex. The authors present an algebraic strengthening of this lemma for univariate polynomials \(f\). Nameley, \(\mathrm{Tr} f\) is convex if and only if the noncommutative second directional derivative of \(f\) is a sum of Hermitian squares and commutators in a free algebra. They also give a localized version of this result.

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Cited in

(4)

• Trace minmax functions and the radical Laguerre-Pólya class
• Trace-positive complex polynomials in three unitaries
• Convex entire noncommutative functions are polynomials of degree two or less
• Stable Noncommutative Polynomials and Their Determinantal Representations

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