On triangular similarity of nilpotent triangular matrices

Abstract: Let

B_{n}

(resp.

U_{n}

,

N_{n}

) be the set of

n i m e s n

nonsingular (resp. unit, nilpotent) upper triangular matrices. We use a novel approach to explore the

B_{n}

-similarity orbits in

N_{n}

. The Belitskiu{i}'s canonical form of

A i n N_{n}

under

B_{n}

-similarity is in

Q U_{n}

where

Q

is the subpermutation such that

A i n B_{n} Q B_{n}

. Using graph representations and

U_{n}

-similarity actions stablizing

Q U_{n}

, we obtain new properties of the Belitskiu{i}'s canonical forms and present an efficient algorithm to find the Belitskiu{i}'s canonical forms in

N_{n}

. As consequences, we construct new Belitskiu{i}'s canonical forms in all

N_{n}

's, list all Belitskiu{i}'s canonical forms for

n = 7, 8

, and show examples of 3-nilpotent Belitskiu{i}'s canonical forms in

N_{n}

with arbitrary numbers of parameters up to

o p e r a t o r n a m e O (n^{2})

.

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