Optimal Encoding of Classical Information in a Quantum Medium

DOI10.1109/TIT.2006.894686MaRDI QIDQ3548273zbMATH OpenOpenAlexFDO

Authors N. Elron, Y. C. Eldar

Publication date 21 December 2008

Published in IEEE Transactions on Information Theory (Search for Journal in Brave)

Full work available at URL https://arxiv.org/abs/quant-ph/0601010

Mathematics Subject Classification ID

Quantum computation (81P68) Applications of mathematical programming (90C90) Source coding (94A29) Channel models (including quantum) in information and communication theory (94A40)

Abstract: We investigate optimal encoding and retrieval of digital data, when the storage/communication medium is described by quantum mechanics. We assume an m-ary alphabet with arbitrary prior distribution, and an n-dimensional quantum system. Under these constraints, we seek an encoding-retrieval setup, comprised of code-states and a quantum measurement, which maximizes the probability of correct detection. In our development, we consider two cases. In the first, the measurement is predefined and we seek the optimal code-states. In the second, optimization is performed on both the code-states and the measurement. We show that one cannot outperform `pseudo-classical transmission', in which we transmit n symbols with orthogonal code-states, and discard the remaining symbols. However, such pseudo-classical transmission is not the only optimum. We fully characterize the collection of optimal setups, and briefly discuss the links between our findings and applications such as quantum key distribution and quantum computing. We conclude with a number of results concerning the design under an alternative optimality criterion, the worst-case posterior probability, which serves as a measure of the retrieval reliability.

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