Optimal column-based low-rank matrix reconstruction

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Abstract: We prove that for any real-valued matrix XinRmimesn, and positive integers rgek, there is a subset of r columns of X such that projecting X onto their span gives a sqrtfracr+1r−k+1-approximation to best rank-k approximation of X in Frobenius norm. We show that the trade-off we achieve between the number of columns and the approximation ratio is optimal up to lower order terms. Furthermore, there is a deterministic algorithm to find such a subset of columns that runs in O(rnmomegalogm) arithmetic operations where omega is the exponent of matrix multiplication. We also give a faster randomized algorithm that runs in O(rnm2) arithmetic operations.





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