Partial difference equations over compact Abelian groups, II: step-polynomial solutions
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Arithmetic combinatorics; higher degree uniformity (11B30) Polynomials over finite fields (11T06) Homological methods in commutative ring theory (13D99) Homological algebra in category theory, derived categories and functors (18G99) Cohomology of groups (20J06) Compact groups (22C05) Partial difference equations (39A14) Categorical methods for abstract harmonic analysis (43A95)
Abstract: This paper continues an earlier work on the structure of solutions to two classes of functional equation. Let be a compact Abelian group and , ldots, be closed subgroups. Given and , one defines the differenced function [d_wf(z) := f(z+w) - f(z).] In this notation, we shall study solutions to the system of difference equations [d_{u_1}cdots d_{u_k}f equiv 0 quad forall (u_1,ldots,u_k) in prod_{ileq k}U_i,] and to the zero-sum problem [f_1 + cdots + f_k = 0] for functions that are -invariant for each . Part I of this work showed that the -modules of solutions to these problems can be described using a general theory of `almost modest -modules'. Much of the global structure of these solution -modules could then be extracted from results about the closure of this general class under certain natural operations, such as forming cohomology groups. The main result of the present paper is that solutions to either problem can always be decomposed into summands which either solve a simpler system of equations, or have some special `step polynomial' structure. This will be proved by augmenting the definition of `almost modest -modules' further, to isolate a subclass in which elements can be represented by the desired `step polynomials'. We will then find that this subclass is closed under the same operations.
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