Permutation patterns and statistics
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Abstract: Let S_n denote the symmetric group of all permutations of the set {1, 2, ...,n} and let S = cup_{nge0} S_n. If Pi is a set of permutations, then we let Av_n(Pi) be the set of permutations in S_n which avoid every permutation of Pi in the sense of pattern avoidance. One of the celebrated notions in pattern theory is that of Wilf-equivalence, where Pi and Pi' are Wilf equivalent if #Av_n(Pi)=#Av_n(Pi') for all nge0. In a recent paper, Sagan and Savage proposed studying a q-analogue of this concept defined as follows. Suppose st:S->N is a permutation statistic where N represents the nonnegative integers. Consider the corresponding generating function, F_n^{st}(Pi;q) = sum_{sigma in Av_n(Pi)} q^{st sigma}, and call Pi,Pi' st-Wilf equivalent if F_n^{st}(Pi;q)=F_n^{st}(Pi';q) for all nge0. We present the first in-depth study of this concept for the inv and maj statistics. In particular, we determine all inv- and maj-Wilf equivalences for any Pi containd in S_3. This leads us to consider various q-analogues of the Catalan numbers, Fibonacci numbers, triangular numbers, and powers of two. Our proof techniques use lattice paths, integer partitions, and Foata's fundamental bijection. We also answer a question about Mahonian pairs raised in the Sagan-Savage article.
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Cites work
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Cited in
(44)- Eulerian pairs on Fibonacci words
- Profiles of permutations
- Expected patterns in permutation classes
- Mahonian pairs
- Descent sets on 321-avoiding involutions and hook decompositions of partitions
- Pattern-avoiding polytopes
- A \(q=-1\) phenomenon for pattern-avoiding permutations
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- Refining enumeration schemes to count according to permutation statistics
- A lifting of the Goulden-Jackson cluster method to the Malvenuto-Reutenauer algebra
- Shuffle-compatible permutation statistics
- Restricted growth function patterns and statistics
- Generalized statistics on \(S_{n}\) and pattern avoidance
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- Further refinements of Wilf-equivalence for patterns of length 4
- Restricted permutations refined by number of crossings and nestings
- Equidistributions of Mahonian statistics over pattern avoiding permutations
- Interview with Bruce Sagan
- Unimodal permutations and almost-increasing cycles
- On a refinement of Wilf-equivalence for permutations
- Cyclic pattern containment and avoidance
- A refinement of Wilf-equivalence for patterns of length 4
- Inversion polynomials for permutations avoiding consecutive patterns
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