Perturbation theory for almost-periodic potentials. I: One-dimensional case

DOI10.1007/S00220-019-03329-3MaRDI QIDQ1736258zbMATH OpenOpenAlexWikidataFDO

Authors Leonid Parnovski, Roman Shterenberg

Publication date 26 March 2019

Published in Communications in Mathematical Physics (Search for Journal in Brave)

Copyright license Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International

Full work available at URL https://arxiv.org/abs/1711.03950

zbMATH Keywords

almost-periodic potentialquasi-periodic potentialSchrödinger operator

Mathematics Subject Classification ID

Asymptotic expansions of solutions to ordinary differential equations (34E05) Perturbations, asymptotics of solutions to ordinary differential equations (34E10) General spectral theory of ordinary differential operators (34L05) Particular ordinary differential operators (Dirac, one-dimensional Schrödinger, etc.) (34L40)

Abstract: We consider the family of operators $H^{(epsilon)}:=-frac{d}^{2}d{x}^2+epsilonV$ in $mathbbR$ with almost-periodic potential $V$. We study the behaviour of the integrated density of states (IDS) $N(H^{(epsilon)};lambda)$ when $epsilono0$ and $lambda$ is a fixed energy. When $V$ is quasi-periodic (i.e. is a finite sum of complex exponentials), we prove that for each $lambda$ the IDS has a complete asymptotic expansion in powers of $epsilon$; these powers are either integer, or in some special cases half-integer. These results are new even for periodic $V$. We also prove that when the potential is neither periodic nor quasi-periodic, there is an exceptional set $mathcalS$ of energies (which we call $hboxthesuper-resonanceset$) such that for any $sqrtlambdaotinmathcalS$ there is a complete power asymptotic expansion of IDS, and when $sqrtlambdainmathcalS$, then even two-terms power asymptotic expansion does not exist. We also show that the super-resonant set $mathcalS$ is uncountable, but has measure zero. Finally, we prove that the length of any spectral gap of $H^{(epsilon)}$ has a complete asymptotic expansion in natural powers of $epsilon$ when $epsilono0$.

Review text

The paper studies the operator $-\frac{\mathrm{d}^2}{\mathrm{d}x^2}+\varepsilon V(x)$ in $\mathbb{R}$. $V$ is assumed to be real and either quasi-periodic (finite linear combination of trigonometric functions) or almost-periodic (this allows an infinite number of frequencies, for the precise definition see the paper). The authors are interested in the behaviour of this operator for small $\varepsilon$. The authors prove for the quasi-periodic and the infinitely smooth almost-periodic potential that for the frequency $\theta$ (which is in the support of the Fourier transform of $V$) there is a gap around $\theta$ in the spectrum of the considered operator and its endpoints have complete asymptotic expansion in natural powers of $\varepsilon$. They also give the expansion of the integrated density of states (IDS) in $\varepsilon$ for the quasi-periodic potential. Finally, they prove that for an infinitely smooth almost-periodic potential there is an uncountable super-resonance set of measure zero, for which there is no complete asymptotic expansion of IDS in $\varepsilon$.

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Cites work

• Bethe-Sommerfeld conjecture for periodic operators with strong perturbations
• Complete asymptotic expansion of the integrated density of states of multidimensional almost-periodic pseudo-differential operators
• Complete asymptotic expansion of the integrated density of states of multidimensional almost-periodic Schrödinger operators
• On the inverse spectral problem for the quasi-periodic Schrödinger equation
• On the spectrum of the Schrödinger operator perturbed by a rapidly oscillating potential
• Remarks on the perturbation theory for problems of Mathieu type

Cited in

(5)

• Complete asymptotic expansions of the spectral function for symbolic perturbations of almost periodic Schrödinger operators in dimension one
• Exponential decay of the lengths of the spectral gaps for the extended Harper's model with a Liouvillean frequency
• Complete asymptotic expansion of the integrated density of states of multidimensional almost-periodic Schrödinger operators
• Spectra of operator pencils with small \(\mathcal{PT}\)-symmetric periodic perturbation
• The almost periodic gauge transform: an abstract scheme with applications to Dirac operators

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