Perturbations and operator trace functions

Noncommutative topology (46L85) Operator means involving linear operators, shorted linear operators, etc. (47A64) Noncommutative geometry (à la Connes) (58B34)

Abstract: We study the spectral functional tr f(D+A) for a suitable function f, a self-adjoint operator D having compact resolvent, and a certain class of bounded self-adjoint operators A. Such functionals were introduce by Chamseddine and Connes in the context of noncommutative geometry. Motivated by the physical applications of these functionals, we derive a Taylor expansion of them in terms of G^ateaux derivatives. This involves divided differences of f evaluated on the spectrum of D, as well as the matrix coefficients of A in an eigenbasis of D. This generalizes earlier results to infinite dimensions and to any number of derivatives.

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The paper has its origin in the work of \textit{A.~H.~Chamseddine} and \textit{A.~Connes} [Commun. Math. Phys. 186, No.~3, 731--750 (1997; Zbl 0894.58007)]. Let \(D\) be a fixed unbounded selfadjoint operator with a compact resolvent; by \(A\) one understands a variable bounded selfadjoint operator. The author considers the additive ``perturbation \(D+A\) of the operator \(D\) and studies the spectral functional \(A\mapsto \text{Tr}\, ~f(D+A)\) for a proper function \(f: {\mathbb R} \to {\mathbb R}\). Recall that the function \(g[\lambda_0,\lambda_1,\dots,\lambda_n]\) of distinct points \(\lambda_i\in {\mathbb R}\) is called a \textit{divided difference} of order \(n\) whenever \(g[\lambda_0]=g(\lambda_0)\) and \(g[\lambda_0,\lambda_1,\dots,\lambda_n]={g[\lambda_1,\dots,\lambda_n]- g[\lambda_0,\lambda_1,\dots,\lambda_{n-1}]\over \lambda_n-\lambda_0}\). The main result of the paper is a (noncommutative) analog of the Taylor series for the spectral functional at the ``point \(D\): \[ \text{Tr}\,f(D+A)=\sum_{n=0}^{\infty} {1\over n} \sum_{i_1,\dots,i_n} A_{i_1i_2}\dots A_{i_0i_1} f'[\lambda_{i_1},\dots, \lambda_{i_n}], \] where \(\lambda_i\) are spectral points of \(D\) and \(A_{ij}\) the matrix coefficients with respect to the eigenbasis of \(D\). Note that the above formula is valid for infinite dimensions and an arbitrary number of derivatives.

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