Polynomial Solutions of Differential Equations

MaRDI QIDQ6217718zbMATH OpenFDO

Authors Hassan Azad, M. T. Mustafa

Publication date 22 February 2010

Mathematics Subject Classification ID

Orthogonal polynomials and functions of hypergeometric type (Jacobi, Laguerre, Hermite, Askey scheme, etc.) (33C45) Other special orthogonal polynomials and functions (33C47)

Abstract: We show that any differential operator of the form $L(y)=su{m}_{k=0}^{k=N}{a}_k(x)y^{(k)}$, where $a_k$ is a real polynomial of degree $leqk$, has all real eigenvalues in the space of polynomials of degree at most n, for all n. The eigenvalues are given by the coefficient of $x^n$ in $L(x^n)$. If these eigenvalues are distinct, then there is a unique monic polynomial of degree n which is an eigenfunction of the operator L- for every non-negative integer n. As an application we recover Bochner's classification of second order ODEs with polynomial coefficients and polynomial solutions, as well as a family of non-classical polynomials.

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