Polynomials and harmonic functions on discrete groups
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Abstract: Alexopoulos proved that on a finitely generated virtually nilpotent group, the restriction of a harmonic function of polynomial growth to a torsion-free nilpotent subgroup of finite index is always a polynomial in the Mal'cev coordinates of that subgroup. For general groups, vanishing of higher-order discrete derivatives gives a natural notion of polynomial maps, which has been considered by Leibman and others. We provide a simple proof of Alexopoulos's result using this notion of polynomials, under the weaker hypothesis that the space of harmonic functions of polynomial growth of degree at most k is finite dimensional. We also prove that for a finitely generated group the Laplacian maps the polynomials of degree k surjectively onto the polynomials of degree k - 2. We then present some corollaries. In particular, we calculate precisely the dimension of the space of harmonic functions of polynomial growth of degree at most k on a virtually nilpotent group, extending an old result of Heilbronn for the abelian case, and refining a more recent result of Hua and Jost.
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Cited in
(11)- Probabilistic nilpotence in infinite groups
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- Polynomial growth harmonic functions on finitely generated Abelian groups
- Polynomially growing harmonic functions on connected groups
- Absence of non-constant harmonic functions with ^p-gradient in some semi-direct products
- Characterisations of algebraic properties of groups in terms of harmonic functions
- A new proof of Gromov’s theorem on groups of polynomial growth
- Harmonic functions of linear growth on solvable groups
- Residually finite groups with uniformly almost flat quotients
- Automatic continuity of polynomial maps and cocycles
- Ancient caloric functions and parabolic frequency on graphs
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