Proof of a conjecture on unimodality

Abstract: Let

P (x)

be a polynomial of degree

m

, with nonnegative and non-decreasing coefficients. We settle the conjecture that for any positive real number

d

, the coefficients of

P (x + d)

form a unimodal sequence, of which the special case

d

being a positive integer has already been asserted in a previous work. Further, we explore the location of modes of

P (x + d)

and present some sufficient conditions on

m

and

d

for which

P (x + d)

has the unique mode

l c e i l m - d o v e r d + 1 c e i l

.

Review text

A sequence \(a_0,a_1,\dots,a_m\) of nonnegative real numbers is called unimodal if there is some index \(t\), \(0\leq t\leq m\), such that \(a_0\leq a_1\leq\dots\leq a_{t-1}\leq a_t\) and \(a_t\geq a_{t+1}\geq\dots\geq a_m\). Any \(t\) with this property is called a mode. Identifying the sequence \(a_0,a_1,\dots,a_m\) with the polynomial \(P\), \(P(x)=a_0+a_1 x+\cdots+a_m x^m\) the authors prove that for any \(d\geq 0\) the sequence \(b_0,b_1,\dots,b_m\) defined by \(P(x+d)=b_0+b_1 x+\cdots+b_m x^m\) is unimodal provided that \(a_0\leq a_1\leq\dots\leq a_{m}\). They also find estimates for the indices \(\overline{m}\) which are modes for \(b_0,b_1,\dots,b_m\).

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