Properly ergodic structures

Abstract: We consider ergodic

m a t h r m S y m (m a t h b b N)

-invariant probability measures on the space of

L

-structures with domain

m a t h b b N

(for

L

a countable relational language), and call such a measure a properly ergodic structure when no isomorphism class of structures is assigned measure

1

. We characterize those theories in countable fragments of

m a t h c a l L_{o m e g a_{1}, o m e g a}

for which there is a properly ergodic structure concentrated on the models of the theory. We show that for a countable fragment

F

of

m a t h c a l L_{o m e g a_{1}, o m e g a}

the almost-sure

F

-theory of a properly ergodic structure has continuum-many models (an analogue of Vaught's Conjecture in this context), but its full almost-sure

m a t h c a l L_{o m e g a_{1}, o m e g a}

-theory has no models. We also show that, for an

F

-theory

T

, if there is some properly ergodic structure that concentrates on the class of models of

T

, then there are continuum-many such properly ergodic structures.

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