Vector valued hyperfunctions and boundary values of vector valued harmonic and holomorphic functions

DOI10.2977/PRIMS/1231263781MaRDI QIDQ1011985zbMATH OpenOpenAlexFDO

Authors Paweł Domański, Michael Langenbruch

Publication date 14 April 2009

Published in Publications of the Research Institute for Mathematical Sciences, Kyoto University (Search for Journal in Brave)

Full work available at URL https://doi.org/10.2977/prims/1231263781

zbMATH Keywords

boundary values of vector valued harmonic functions boundary values of vector valued holomorphic functions partial differential operators on vector valued spaces of smooth functions vector valued harmonic functions vector valued hyperfunctions

Mathematics Subject Classification ID

Calculus of functions taking values in infinite-dimensional spaces (26E20) Hyperfunctions (32A45) General theory of PDEs and systems of PDEs with constant coefficients (35E20) Hypoelliptic equations (35H10) Operator partial differential equations (= PDEs on finite-dimensional spaces for abstract space valued functions) (35R20) Spaces defined by inductive or projective limits (LB, LF, etc.) (46A13) Topological invariants ((DN), ((Omega)), etc.) for locally convex spaces (46A63) Hyperfunctions, analytic functionals (46F15) Distributions and ultradistributions as boundary values of analytic functions (46F20) Homological methods in functional analysis (exact sequences, right inverses, lifting, etc.) (46M18)

Review text

The aim of the paper is to develop a theory of hyperfunctions with values in nonnecessarily metrizable locally convex spaces and also to find the natural limits of such a theory. This is a fundamental paper on the subject and should be read by anyone interested in the theory of vector valued hyperfunctions. In Section 3, which is interesting in itself, the authors study the problem of surjectivity of hypoelliptic partial differential operators with constant coefficients acting on the space \(C^{\infty}(\Omega,E)\) of vector valued smooth functions. They consider the case that \(E\) is either a PLS-space (that is, a countable intersection of a countable union of Banach spaces with compact linking maps), or an LFS-space (inductive limit of Fréchet-Schwartz spaces). This covers all the non-Banach spaces appearing in analysis. Moreover, they also consider systems of differential operators. A locally convex space \(E\) is called (weakly) \(d\)-admissible, \(d\in {\mathbb N}\), if, for any (bounded) open set \(\Omega \subset {\mathbb R}^d\), the \(d\)-dimensional Laplace operator \[ \Delta_d:C^{\infty}(\Omega,E)\to C^{\infty}(\Omega,E) \] is surjective. In Section~4, it is proved that, in the class of PLS-spaces, \(d\)-admissible and weakly \(d\)-admissible spaces coincide for all \(d\geq 2\) and they are precisely the spaces having the property (PA) introduced by \textit{J.\,Bonet} and \textit{P.\,Domanski} in [Adv.\ Math.\ 217, No.\,2, 561--585 (2008; Zbl 1144.46057)]. The authors provide many concrete examples of spaces which are \(d\)-admissible as well as examples which are not. Section 5 explains the Grothendieck-Tillmann duality of harmonic functionals and harmonic functions and presents a method which permits to replace holomorphic functions with harmonic ones in the definition of vector valued analytic functionals. In Section 6, vector valued hyperfunctions are introduced as a sheaf generated by equivalence classes of compactly supported vector valued analytic functionals. Then hyperfunctions are interpreted as boundary values of harmonic functions. In order to extend some known results for the scalar case to the vector valued case, the authors need to restrict their attention to spaces \(E\) that are \((d+1)\)-admissible. In Section 7, the theory of \(E\)-valued hyperfunctions is developed, for \(E\) an ultrabornological PLS-space with property (PA), from the point of view of Sato, that is, using the \(d\)-th relative cohomology groups supported in \({\mathbb R}^d\) with values in the Oka sheaf of holomorphic functions of \(d\) variables. In the final Section 8, it is proved that, for an ultrabornological PLS-space \(E\), a reasonable theory of \(E\)-valued hyperfunctions exists if and only if \(E\) has property (PA).

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