The Conley conjecture for Hamiltonian systems on the cotangent bundle and its analogue for Lagrangian systems

Conley conjecture cotangent and tangent bundle Fenchel transform Hamiltonian and Lagrangian system Maslov-type index Morse index periodic solutions variational methods

Mathematics Subject Classification ID

Lagrangian submanifolds; Maslov index (53D12)

Abstract: In this paper, the Conley conjecture, which were recently proved by Franks and Handel cite{FrHa} (for surfaces of positive genus), Hingston cite{Hi} (for tori) and Ginzburg cite{Gi} (for closed symplectically aspherical manifolds), is proved for

C^{1}

-Hamiltonian systems on the cotangent bundle of a

C^{3}

-smooth compact manifold

M

without boundary, of a time 1-periodic

C^{2}

-smooth Hamiltonian

H : R i m e s T^{a} s t M o R

which is strongly convex and has quadratic growth on the fibers. Namely, we show that such a Hamiltonian system has an infinite sequence of contractible integral periodic solutions such that any one of them cannot be obtained from others by iterations. If

H

also satisfies

H (- t, q, - p) = H (t, q, p)

for any

(t, q, p) i n R i m e s T^{a} s t M

, it is shown that the time-one map of the Hamiltonian system (if exists) has infinitely many periodic points siting in the zero section of

T^{a} s t M

. If

M

is

C^{5}

-smooth and

d i m M > 1

,

H

is of

C^{4}

class and independent of time

t

, then for any

a u > 0

the corresponding system has an infinite sequence of contractible periodic solutions of periods of integral multiple of

a u

such that any one of them cannot be obtained from others by iterations or rotations. These results are obtained by proving similar results for the Lagrangian system of the Fenchel transform of

H

,

L : R i m e s T M o R

, which is proved to be strongly convex and to have quadratic growth in the velocities yet.

Review text

Dynamics of Hamiltonian systems remains a major inspiration in symplectic geometry and topology. The celebrated Arnold conjectures on fixed points of Hamiltonian diffeomorphisms led Floer to the discovery of a new homology theory that now bears his name. The Conley conjecture concerns the periodic points of such diffeomorphisms, namely it claims (originally for tori) that there are infinitely many of them. Just recently various authors proved the Conley conjecture not only for tori, but also for surfaces of positive genus and symplectically aspherical manifolds. Hamiltonian diffeomorphisms typically arise as time-\(1\) maps of Hamiltonian systems and can be classified in terms of the corresponding Hamiltonians. In the paper under review the conjecture is proved on cotangent bundles over \(C^3\)-smooth manifolds \(M\) for \(C^2\)-smooth strongly convex Hamiltonians \(H\) with quadratic growth along the fibers. If also \(H(-t,q,-p)=H(t,q,p)\), then the time-\(1\) map of the system has infinitely many periodic points already in the zero section . Alternatively, if \(H\) is \(C^4\) and \(M\) is \(C^5\) with dim \(M>1\) then time-\(\tau\) maps have infinitely many periodic points for every \(\tau>0\). Proofs are based on a variational setup applied to the Lagrangian system for the Fenchel transform of \(H\). Spaces of loops in \(M\) are endowed with a Hilbert manifold structure (hence the smoothness assumptions), and infinite-dimensional Morse theory is applied to the Lagrangian. .

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