Hook modules for general linear groups.

DOI10.1007/S00013-009-2789-YMaRDI QIDQ1024148zbMATH OpenOpenAlexFDO

Authors S. Martin, S. R. Doty

Publication date 16 June 2009

Published in Archiv der Mathematik (Search for Journal in Brave)

Full work available at URL https://arxiv.org/abs/0708.2941

zbMATH Keywords

decomposition numbershook partitionsrepresentations of general linear groupsSchur algebrassimple modulessymmetric groupsWeyl modules

Mathematics Subject Classification ID

Combinatorial aspects of representation theory (05E10) Representations of finite symmetric groups (20C30) Representation theory for linear algebraic groups (20G05)

Abstract: For an arbitrary infinite field k of characteristic p > 0, we describe the structure of a block of the algebraic monoid M_n(k) (all n x n matrices over k), or, equivalently, a block of the Schur algebra S(n,p), whose simple modules are indexed by p-hook partitions. The result is known; we give an elementary and self-contained proof, based only on a result of Peel and Donkin's description of the blocks of Schur algebras. The result leads to a character formula for certain simple GL_n(k)-modules, valid for all n and all p. This character formula is a special case of one found by Brundan, Kleshchev, and Suprunenko and, independently, by Mathieu and Papadopoulo.

Review text

Let \(k\) be an infinite field of characteristic \(p>0\) and let \(M_n(k)\) denote the monoid of \(n\times n\) matrices with entries in \(k\). This short note contains a description of the structure of a block of \(M_n(k)\) whose simple modules are indexed by \(p\)-hook partitions (partitions of the form \(\lambda^i=(p-1,1^i)\)). For such a partition, let \(L(\lambda^i)\) denote the simple module of highest weight \(\lambda^i\) and \(\Delta(\lambda^i)\) denote the Weyl module. Then the main theorem in the paper states that \(\Delta(\lambda^i)\) has two composition factors \(L(\lambda^i)\) and \(L(\lambda^{i+1})\) when \(0\leq i<\min(n-1,p-1)\), and if \(i=\min(n-1,p-1)\) then \(\Delta(\lambda^i)\) is simple. As a consequence of this result, the authors are able to describe the module structure of the family of projective-injective tilting modules labelled by \(p\)-hooks, and to prove a character formula for simple \(\text{GL}_n(k)\)-modules labelled by \(p\)-hooks (conjectured by Jantzen). The techniques in the paper are fairly elementary, and allow a self-contained exposition. It should be noted, as the authors themselves point out, that most of the results in the paper also appear elsewhere, are special cases of results already in the literature, or follow relatively quickly from results already in the literature: see \textit{J. Brundan}, \textit{A. Kleshchev} and \textit{I. Suprunenko} [J. Reine Angew. Math. 500, 83-112 (1998; Zbl 0909.20026)], \textit{S. R. Doty}, \textit{K. Erdmann} and \textit{D. K. Nakano} [Algebr. Represent. Theory 7, No. 1, 67-99 (2004; Zbl 1084.20004)], and \textit{O. Mathieu} and \textit{G. Papadopoulo} [Comment. Math. Helv. 74, No. 2, 280-296 (1999; Zbl 0935.20029)] for related results.

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